商務英語段落翻譯

　　人們之間的商務溝通隨著經濟全球化的程序更加頻繁。商務英語是全球商務溝通的工作語言,它在業內已經引起了人們的重視。下面是小編帶來的，歡迎閱讀!

　　1

　　我國企業應該如何規避匯率風險

　　***一***Forward contract遠期合同：即具有外匯債權或債務的公司與外匯銀行簽訂購，買或出售外匯的遠期合同，以在未來的某個時間以現已確定的匯率買賣兩種貨幣。遠期合同時間通常為半年並且沒有變通選擇。例如，某進口企業預計 6 個月後將向國外進口商支付一筆美元貨款，為鎖定財務成本，該企業可以與銀行提前簽訂遠期售匯合同。這樣，6 個月後無論匯率如何變化，該企業都可以按照事先約定匯率，用人民幣從銀行購買美元貸款。更靈活的是可選擇的遠期合同，這種合同允許在合同規定期限內的任何時間進行交易，以當時匯率為準。這樣出口商就得到較好的保護，避免合同期限內對自己不利的那一時間匯率，並選擇相對有利的交易時間和匯率。

　　***二***平衡責任：即在同一時期，創造一個與存在風險的貨幣相同幣種、相同金額及相同期限的反方向資金流動。例如，某出口企業收到國外進口商支付的出口貨款 500 萬美元，該企業須將貨款結匯成人民幣用於國內支出，但同時該企業需進口原材料並將於 3 個月後支付 500 萬美元的貨款。此時，該企業可以與銀行辦理一筆即期對 3 個月遠期的人民幣與外幣掉期業務：即期賣出500萬美元，取得相應人民幣，3 個月遠期以人民幣買入 500 萬美元

　　Avoiding of the Exchange Rate Risk of Chinese Trade Enterprise

　　1.

　　Forward contract: The designated foreign exchange bank signs a forward contract with a domestic business entity, fixing two kinds of currency, amount, exchange rate and date for the future sale or purchase of foreign exchange with no other choice within 6 months.For example,these is an importing enterprise expecting a USD payment for goods to an overseas exporter 6 months later. In order to lock in the financial cost, the enterprise can sign a forward contract in advance with a bank for purchase of foreign exchange. In this way, whatever the exchange rate of RMB against USD will be in 6 months, the enterprise can purchase the USD from the bank according to prearranged exchange rate so as to reduce the exchange rate risk.

　　2.

　　Balanced responsibility: At the same time,there are two transactions in opposite directions featuring domestic currency against foreign currency between a domestic entity and a bank.For example, an exporting exterprise receives USD 5 million from an overseas importer and needs to sell the foreign exchange for domestic RMB payment. Meanwhile, the enterprise expects to import raw materials and make payment for USD 5 million in 3 months. At this time, the enterprise can carry out the following 3-month RMB swap against foreign currency with a bank: sell the USD 5 million right now and obtain corresponding RMB, Via the above-mentioned transactions, the enterprise can square the positions of different currencies in order to avoid exchange rate risks.

　　2

　　The problem was that what looked like a single entity was in fact a loose alliance of local co-ops,each with its own management. Fleet-footed rivals were better able to reap scale economiesfrom centralised buying and marketing. They could raise capital quickly to build bigger stores.And a new breed of grocer, exemplified by Tesco’s Jack Cohen, understood that retailing is partshowbiz. He hired well-known comedians to open his stores. The Co-op movement was slow-witted and dowdy by comparison. “It didn’t co-operate and it rarely moved,” recalls Mr Marks.

　　聯營模式的問題是它看上去是一個統一的實體的企業，實際上只是一些本地合作社之間鬆散的聯盟——各自進行自己的管理。而其飛毛腿般的對手卻可以通過集中購買和銷售來收穫規模經濟帶來的利益。他們可以快速集資來建造更大的商場。由Tesco 的Jack Cohen示範的一種新型零售店則悟出零售業其實是一個娛樂性行業。他僱傭著名的喜劇演員來開店。兩相對比使合作社運動看上去反應遲鈍、跟不上時代。“以前聯營的商場之間沒有合作，並且很少變動” Marks回憶道。

　　3

　　A mandatory national minimum adult hourly wage of 3.60 pounds was introduced in April 1999, and has been regularly uprated since. In October it rose to 6.19 pounds. The wage floor seems not to have cost jobs. A 2010 paper by researchers at the Centre for Economic Performance at the London School of Economics found the long-run effect was either negligible or positive ***ie, jobs increased***. That finding is echoed in studies of minimum wages in America.

　　在1999年4月，強制實行成年人小時工資不低於3.6英鎊的標準，到目前為止此項標準不斷提高。到了10月就增加到每小時6.19英鎊。薪資水平似乎還沒導致失業。2010年，倫敦經濟學院中心的一篇論文研究經濟發現***最低工資***這一研究與美國的最低工資研究遙相呼應***即就業增加***。而這項研究在美國最低工資水平的研究中一直持續著。

　　Such results might seem puzzling. If the price of something is forced upwards, demand for it should fall. Why might this not be the case for low-paid workers? The answer is that firms find other ways to absorb higher wage costs. The simplest is to raise prices. Fast-food restaurants in New Jersey did so when the state’s minimum wage was raised in 1992, according to a landmark study by David Card and Alan Krueger of Princeton University. Firms may also skimp on non-wage benefits, trim the number of hours worked by low-paid staff, or cut other costs. Even the best-run firms can find savings when pushed.

　　這樣的結果可能會令人費解。如果東西的價格被迫上升，那麼他的需求將會下降。這樣的情況難道不會難道不會出現在那些低工資者的身上麼?答案是,公司將會尋找其他方式來減少高額的工資成本。最簡單的就是提高價格。根據David Card和普林斯頓大學的Alan Krueger的一項里程碑式的研究顯示，新澤西的快餐店在1992年國家的提出最低工資標準的時候就是這樣做的。公司也可以剋扣非工資福利，削減低薪工作人員工作時數以及其他的減少成本方式。執行得最好的公司甚至可以在強制的情況下找到解決的方式。

　　4

　　The country has always been at the heart of the euro, as of the European Union. President Francois Mitterrand argued for the single currency because he hoped to bolster French influence in an EU that would otherwise fall under the sway of a unified Germany. France has gained from the euro: it is borrowing at record low rates and has avoided the troubles of the Mediterranean. Yet even before May, when Francois Hollande became the country’s first Socialist president since Mitterrand, France had ceded leadership in the euro crisis to Germany. And now its economy looks increasingly vulnerable as well.

　　法國這個國家是歐洲，也是歐盟的中心。弗朗索瓦·密特朗表示支援單一貨幣政策因為他希望提高法國在歐盟的影響，否則遲早會敗於統一後的德國手裡。法國已經從歐盟得到了甜頭：它以相對低的利率從而成功規避了地中海地區的問題。即使在五月之前，當奧朗德成為自密特朗，這位轉讓了法國在歐盟經濟危機的主導權給德國的總統後，法國的第一位社會黨總統。法國的經濟體系已經相當脆弱了。