埃及藝術

埃雷拉(Herrera,Francisco)

兩位西班牙畫家的名字。老埃雷拉（Francisco Herrera the Elder，西元約1590～1654年）早期作品遵從風格主義傳統，在蘇巴朗影響下，他發展了自然主義風格，見於四幅描繪聖波拿文都拉生平的風景圖（1627）。1650年左右遷往馬德里。經考證的最後一幅作品是受到範戴克影響的聖約瑟圖（1648），以細長的形式和精細的衣紋為特色。他在塞維爾獲得相當大的名氣，委拉斯開茲曾短暫當過他的學生。他的兒子小埃雷拉（Francisco Herrera the Younger,1627～1685）是一名畫家與建築師。其宗教作品帶有羅馬巴洛克藝術的矯飾風格，他把這種風格引進塞維爾。1660年任塞維爾新建美術學院副院長（院長為牟利羅），但不久去馬德里，以繪製溼壁畫和祭壇畫活躍於當地。1672年任國王查理二世的畫師，1677年任王室總監督。其最偉大的建築作品是薩拉戈薩的紀念柱教堂。

English version：

Herrera,Francisco

Name of two Spanish painters. Francisco Herrera the Elder (c. 1590-1654) was a painter and engraver. His early works are in the Mannerist style. Under the influence of Francisco Zurbarán,he developed the naturalistic style seen in his four scenes from the life of St. Bonaventure (1627). Around 1650 he moved to Madrid. His last documented work,a painting of St. Joseph (1648) influenced by Anthony Van Dyck,features elongated forms and elaborate draperies. He achieved considerable fame in Sevilla (Seville),where Diego Velázquez was briefly his pupil. His son Francisco Herrera the Younger (1627-1685) worked as a painter and architect. Herrera's religious works are in the theatrical style of Roman baroque art,which he introduced in Sevilla. In 1660 he was appointed co-president (with Bartolome Esteban Murillo) of Sevilla's new Academy of Painting,but he soon left for Madrid and was active there as a painter of frescoes and altarpieces. In 1672 he was appointed painter to Charles II and in 1677 master of the Royal Works. His greatest architectural achievement was the church of El Pilar at Saragossa (begun 1681).