英語被動語態知識點總結講解
被動語態是英語常考常用句型結構,這一個知識點也是我們必須要掌握的,下面就是小編給大家帶來的,希望能幫助到大家!
被動語態複習 ABC
A.熟記結構
被動語態的結構為“助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞***p.p***”。被動語態的不同時態是通過be的時態變化來表示的,其人稱和數方面應與主語保持一致。其具體變化為:
一般現在時:am/is/are+p.p.
一般過去時:was/were+p.p.
一般將來時:shall /will be +p.p.
現在完成時:have /has been +p.p.
現在進行時:am/is/are+being+p.p.
過去將來時:should /would be +p.p.
含情態動詞的被動結構:情態動詞+be+p.p.例如:
① Chinese ______ by the largest number of people.***選D。考查一般現在時的被動語態***
A.speak B.is speaking C.speaks D.is spoken
② The boy ______ to get supper ready after school.***選C。考查一般過去時的被動語態***
A.were told B.is telling C.was told D.tells
③ A lot of new roads ______ built in the west of China.***選B。考查含情態動詞的被動語態***
A.must B.must be C.has D.have
B.明確用法
被動語態常用於以下兩種情況:
1.不知道誰是動作的執行者,或者沒有必要指出誰是動作的執行者;
2.強調動作的承受者。例如:
這棵樹是那個男孩弄斷的。
The tree ______ ______ by that boy. ***填was broken***
C.熟練轉換
1.將主動語態變被動語態的基本方法為:
①將主動語態的賓語作被動語態的主語;
②謂語動詞變為“be+及物動詞的過去分詞”,並通過be的變化來表達出不同的時態;
③主動語態的主語變為介詞by的賓語,組成介詞短語放在被動結構中的謂語動詞之後。***有時by短語可以省略***。
2.被動語態的一般疑問句是將一個助動詞置於主語之前;否定句是在第一個助動詞後加not;特殊疑問句的語序為:疑問詞+一般疑問句。例如:
① You must throw the broken pottery away at once.
The broken pottery ______ ______ ______ ______ at once.***同義句*** ***填must be thrown away***
② Where did they grow vegetables?***改為被動語態***
Where ______ vegetables ______ ?***填were;grown***
D.注意特例
將主動語態變被動語態應注意幾個特殊情況:
1.含雙賓語的主動結構變為被動結構時,有兩種方法:
①將間接賓語變為主語,直接賓語保持不變;
②將直接賓語變為主語,間接賓語用介詞to或for引導。例如:
① He told us a story.***變被動語態***
→We were told a story***by him***.或:A story was told to us by him.
② Her mother gave her a new pen.***變被動語態******填was given to***
A new pen ______ ______ ______ her by her mother.
2.短語動詞的被動語態:在變為被動語態時,要將短語動詞視為一個整體,其後的介詞或副詞不能省去。例如:
① This dictionary mustn't ______ from the library.[D]
A.take away B.taken awayC.are taken away D.be taken away
② She will take good care of the children.***變被動語態******填be taken good care of***
The children will ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ***by her***.
3.含有複合賓語的主動結構變被動結構時,通常將賓語變為被動句的主語,而賓語補足語就成為主語補足語。注意:省略to的不定式作賓補時,不定式符號to必須補上。例如:
Someone saw him swim in Qianling Lake yesterday.***變被動語態***
He ______ ______ ______ swim in Qianling Lake yesterday.
***填was seen to***
4.不定式的被動結構:動詞不定式的被動語態為“to be +過去分詞”。例如:
The radio says a wild animal zoo is to ______ in our city.
A.be building B.build C.be built D.built [C]
5.以疑問代詞開頭的疑問句轉換成被動句時要注意詞序:應將主動句中的疑問代詞改為介詞by的賓語,但仍然放在句子開頭。例如:
Who has broken the cup?***改為被動語態***
→By whom has the cup been broken?
E.注意區別
被動語態和過去分詞作表語的區別:
1***含義不同:被動語態強調動作,重點說明動作由誰完成、怎樣完成;而過去分詞作表語通常用來描寫情景,敘述人或事物的特徵及所處的狀態。試比較:
The window is broken.窗子破了。***系表結構***
The window is broken by him.窗子被他打破了。***被動語態***
2***用法不同:過去分詞作表語時可以被 so,very,too等程度副詞修飾,而被動語態則不能用so,very,too修飾,而需用much,very much,so much,too much修飾。試比較:
He was very interested in science.他對科學有極大興趣。***系表結構***
I was so much surprised at the scene that I didn't know what to do.我被那種場面搞得大吃一驚,不知所措。***被動語態***
F.牢記***相關***句型
初中教材中與被動語態相關的句型有:
1.be covered with被……覆蓋
2.be made of由……製作***發生物理變化*** be made from由……製作***發生化學變化***
be made in由***某地***製造 be made by被***某人***製造
3.be used for被用來……
be used as被當作***作為***……來使用 be used to do sth.被用來做某事
4.It is said that...據說…… It is hoped that...希望……
It is well known that...眾所周知……例如:
①—Your coat looks nice.Is it ______ cotton?[B]
—Yes.It's Shanghai.
A.made of;made by B.made of;made in
C.made for;made by D.made for;made in
② This machine is used ______ the room wet.[A]
A.for keeping B.as keeping C.keep D.to keeping
③ 據說在南京長江上又在建一座橋。
______ ______ ______ that ______ ______ is being ______ over the Changjiang River in Nanjing.
***填It is said;another bridge;built***