英語被動語態知識點總結講解

  被動語態是英語常考常用句型結構,這一個知識點也是我們必須要掌握的,下面就是小編給大家帶來的,希望能幫助到大家!

  被動語態複習 ABC

  A.熟記結構

  被動語態的結構為“助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞***p.p***”。被動語態的不同時態是通過be的時態變化來表示的,其人稱和數方面應與主語保持一致。其具體變化為:

  一般現在時:am/is/are+p.p.

  一般過去時:was/were+p.p.

  一般將來時:shall /will be +p.p.

  現在完成時:have /has been +p.p.

  現在進行時:am/is/are+being+p.p.

  過去將來時:should /would be +p.p.

  含情態動詞的被動結構:情態動詞+be+p.p.例如:

  ① Chinese ______ by the largest number of people.***選D。考查一般現在時的被動語態***

  A.speak B.is speaking C.speaks D.is spoken

  ② The boy ______ to get supper ready after school.***選C。考查一般過去時的被動語態***

  A.were told B.is telling C.was told D.tells

  ③ A lot of new roads ______ built in the west of China.***選B。考查含情態動詞的被動語態***

  A.must B.must be C.has D.have

  B.明確用法

  被動語態常用於以下兩種情況:

  1.不知道誰是動作的執行者,或者沒有必要指出誰是動作的執行者;

  2.強調動作的承受者。例如:

  這棵樹是那個男孩弄斷的。

  The tree ______ ______ by that boy. ***填was broken***

  C.熟練轉換

  1.將主動語態變被動語態的基本方法為:

  ①將主動語態的賓語作被動語態的主語;

  ②謂語動詞變為“be+及物動詞的過去分詞”,並通過be的變化來表達出不同的時態;

  ③主動語態的主語變為介詞by的賓語,組成介詞短語放在被動結構中的謂語動詞之後。***有時by短語可以省略***。

  2.被動語態的一般疑問句是將一個助動詞置於主語之前;否定句是在第一個助動詞後加not;特殊疑問句的語序為:疑問詞+一般疑問句。例如:

  ① You must throw the broken pottery away at once.

  The broken pottery ______ ______ ______ ______ at once.***同義句*** ***填must be thrown away***

  ② Where did they grow vegetables?***改為被動語態***

  Where ______ vegetables ______ ?***填were;grown***

  D.注意特例

  將主動語態變被動語態應注意幾個特殊情況:

  1.含雙賓語的主動結構變為被動結構時,有兩種方法:

  ①將間接賓語變為主語,直接賓語保持不變;

  ②將直接賓語變為主語,間接賓語用介詞to或for引導。例如:

  ① He told us a story.***變被動語態***

  →We were told a story***by him***.或:A story was told to us by him.

  ② Her mother gave her a new pen.***變被動語態******填was given to***

  A new pen ______ ______ ______ her by her mother.

  2.短語動詞的被動語態:在變為被動語態時,要將短語動詞視為一個整體,其後的介詞或副詞不能省去。例如:

  ① This dictionary mustn't ______ from the library.[D]

  A.take away B.taken awayC.are taken away D.be taken away

  ② She will take good care of the children.***變被動語態******填be taken good care of***

  The children will ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ***by her***.

  3.含有複合賓語的主動結構變被動結構時,通常將賓語變為被動句的主語,而賓語補足語就成為主語補足語。注意:省略to的不定式作賓補時,不定式符號to必須補上。例如:

  Someone saw him swim in Qianling Lake yesterday.***變被動語態***

  He ______ ______ ______ swim in Qianling Lake yesterday.

  ***填was seen to***

  4.不定式的被動結構:動詞不定式的被動語態為“to be +過去分詞”。例如:

  The radio says a wild animal zoo is to ______ in our city.

  A.be building B.build C.be built D.built [C]

  5.以疑問代詞開頭的疑問句轉換成被動句時要注意詞序:應將主動句中的疑問代詞改為介詞by的賓語,但仍然放在句子開頭。例如:

  Who has broken the cup?***改為被動語態***

  →By whom has the cup been broken?

  E.注意區別

  被動語態和過去分詞作表語的區別:

  1***含義不同:被動語態強調動作,重點說明動作由誰完成、怎樣完成;而過去分詞作表語通常用來描寫情景,敘述人或事物的特徵及所處的狀態。試比較:

  The window is broken.窗子破了。***系表結構***

  The window is broken by him.窗子被他打破了。***被動語態***

  2***用法不同:過去分詞作表語時可以被 so,very,too等程度副詞修飾,而被動語態則不能用so,very,too修飾,而需用much,very much,so much,too much修飾。試比較:

  He was very interested in science.他對科學有極大興趣。***系表結構***

  I was so much surprised at the scene that I didn't know what to do.我被那種場面搞得大吃一驚,不知所措。***被動語態***

  F.牢記***相關***句型

  初中教材中與被動語態相關的句型有:

  1.be covered with被……覆蓋

  2.be made of由……製作***發生物理變化*** be made from由……製作***發生化學變化***

  be made in由***某地***製造 be made by被***某人***製造

  3.be used for被用來……

  be used as被當作***作為***……來使用 be used to do sth.被用來做某事

  4.It is said that...據說…… It is hoped that...希望……

  It is well known that...眾所周知……例如:

  ①—Your coat looks nice.Is it ______ cotton?[B]

  —Yes.It's Shanghai.

  A.made of;made by B.made of;made in

  C.made for;made by D.made for;made in

  ② This machine is used ______ the room wet.[A]

  A.for keeping B.as keeping C.keep D.to keeping

  ③ 據說在南京長江上又在建一座橋。

  ______ ______ ______ that ______ ______ is being ______ over the Changjiang River in Nanjing.

  ***填It is said;another bridge;built***