高中英語倒裝句的語法知識點總結
在英語語法中,如果把位於動詞放在在於前面,就叫倒裝句。關於英語倒裝句的語法知識點你還了解多少?下面由小編為大家提供關於,希望對大家有幫助!
倒裝句知識點一、講解
1.倒裝句的定義:英語最基本的詞序是主語在謂語動詞的前面。
如果把謂語動詞放在主語前面,就叫做倒裝。
3. 倒裝的原因
a*** 句子語法結構的需要。例如:
Did you attend the meeting? 你參加會議了嗎?
Long live peace! 和平萬歲!
b*** 一些句型的固定用法。例如:
Such were his last words. 他最後的話就是這樣。
c***強調的需要。倒裝以後,句子更加流暢生動。例如:
Never before have we seen such a sight. 以前我們從來沒有見過這樣的情景。
Before us lay a lot of difficulties. 在我們前面有很多困難。
Often did we warn them not to do so. 我們曾多次警告他們不要這樣做。
4. 倒裝句的基本用法
a*** 構成疑問句***除對主語或主語之定語提問的特殊疑問句外***:
When are we going to drink to your happiness? 我們什麼時候喝你們的喜酒?
Have you seen the film? 你那部電影嗎?
b*** 在以here, there, now, then, in, away, up down等副詞開頭的句子中:
Away went the crowd one by one. 人們一個一個地離去。
Here comes our teacher! 我們的老師來了!
c*** 副詞only+狀語放在句首時:
Only then did he realize his mistakes . 只有在那時他才認識到自己的錯誤。
Only in this way can you learn maths well . 只有用這種方法你才能學好數學。
d*** 含有否定意義的副詞或連詞***如little, hardly, never, rarely, no sooner…than等***放在句首時:
Little did I think that he could be back alive. 我沒有想到他竟能活著回來。
Not until New Year’s Day shall I give you a gift. 我要到元旦那天才能給你禮物。
Hardly had the train arrived at the station when we ran towards the sleeping car looking for our guests.
火車剛一進站,我們就跑到臥車那兒去找我們的客人。
e*** 副詞so或 neither***nor***在句首:
He is interested in pop-songs, and so am I.他對流行歌曲感興趣,我也如此。
He hasn’t been to the countryside, neither does he want to go there.他沒有去過農村,他也不想去那裡。
f*** 在方式狀語thus開頭的句子中及程度狀語so放句首:
Thus ended his life. 這樣結束了他的生命。
So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him . 他講話的聲音那樣大,連隔壁屋子裡的人都聽得見。
2. so作“也”講時,引導的句子用倒裝語序,例如:
He went to the film last night. So did I. 他昨天晚上去看電影了,我也去了。
如不作“也”講而只起連詞作用,表示一種結果的意思,句子就要用正常語序。例如:
His mother told him to go to the film. So he did. 他母親叫他去看電影,他就去了。
“He is a tall thin man.” “So he is.” “他又高又瘦。” “確實如此。”
3. 某些讓步狀語從句往往把表語提到主語前面或放在句首,以構成倒裝結構。例如:
No matter how interesting the book is,he doesn't like to read it.不管這本書多有趣,他都不想看。
However hard a solid may be,we can change its shape. 不管一個固體有多硬,我們都可以改變其形狀。
Young as he is, he knows a lot. 雖然他年輕,卻知道很多東西。
4. 在虛擬語氣中,如果非真實條件句省略if,須將主句中的were, had和should等助動詞和主語顛倒形成部分倒裝。例如:
Were he younger ***= If he were younger***, he would learn skating. 假如他年輕一些,他就會去學溜冰。
Should they forget ***= If they should forget*** to bring a map with them, they would get lost in the woods
如果他們忘記帶一張地圖的話,他們就會在深林裡迷路。
Had they realized ***= If they had realized*** how important the task was, they wouldn’t have refused to
accept it. 假如他們認識到這個任務是多麼重要的話,他們就不致於拒絕接受這項任務。
倒裝句知識點二、構成
倒裝句的構成分為全部倒轉和部分倒裝
a、全部倒裝
全部倒裝是隻將句子中的謂語動詞全部置於主語之前。此結構通常只用與一般現在時和一般過去時。常見的結構有
1***here,there,now,then,thus等副詞置於句首,謂語動詞常用be,come,go,lie,run。
Theregoesthebell.
2***表示運動方向的副詞或地點狀語置於句首,謂語表示運動的動詞。
Outrushedamissilefromunderthebomber.
注意上述全部倒裝的句型結構的主語必須是名詞,如果主語是人稱代詞則不能完全倒裝。
Herehecomes.
b、部分倒裝
部分倒裝是指將謂語的一部分如助動詞或情態倒裝至主語之前。如果句中的謂語沒有助動詞或情態動詞,則需新增助動詞do,does或did,並將其置於主語之前。
1***句首為否定或半否定的詞語,如no,not,never,seldom,little,hardly,atnotime,innoway,notuntil…等。
NeverhaveIseensuchaperformance.
Notuntilthechildfellasleepdidthemotherleavetheroom.
當Notuntil引出主從複合句,主句倒裝,從句不倒裝。
注意如否定詞不在句首不倒裝。
Ihaveneverseensuchaperformance.
典型例題
1***WhycantIsmokehere?
Atnotime___inthemeeting-room
A.issmokingpermittedB.smokingispermitted
C.smokingisitpermittedD.doessmokingpermit
答案A.這是一個倒裝問題。當否定詞語置於句首以表示強調時,其句中的主謂須用倒裝結構。這些否定詞包括no,little,hardly,seldom,never,notonly,notuntil等。本題的正常語序是Smokingispermittedinthemeeting-roomatnotime.
2***Notuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19thcentury___whatheatis.
A.mandidknowB.manknowC.didntmanknowD.didmanknow
答案D.看到Notuntil…的句型,我們知道為一倒裝句,答案在C,D中選一個。
改寫為正常語序為,Mandidnotknowwhatheatisuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19th.現在將not提前,後面就不能再用否定了,否則意思就變了。
以否定詞開頭作部分倒裝
如Notonly…butalso,Hardly/Scarcely…when,Nosooner…than
Not only did here fuse thegi ft,healsoseverelycriticizedthesender.
Hardly had she gone out when a student came tovisither.
倒裝句知識點三、試題
1. My brother had a cold last week, _________.
A. so had I B. so did I
C. I had so D. so I had
2. Not until _________ home __________ his parents had been ill for three days.
A. he got; he knew B. did he get; he knew
C. he got; did he know D. did he get; did he know
3. In hardly any situation ________ find her sad.
A. that you can B. that can you
C. you can D. can you
4. Be quick! _________.
A. The bus comes here B. Here comes the bus
C. The bus here comes D. Here is the bus coming
5. In ________ and the lesson began.
A. the teacher came B. the teacher coming
C. came the teacher D. did the teacher come
6. On the wall _________ two large portraits.
A. hangs B. hang C. hanged D. hanging