初二英語語法知識點
掌握好英語語法是學好英語的重要環節。下面是小編收集整理的以供大家學習。
：定冠詞the的運用
“If you have the intention to sell your flat. Please don't hesitate to call us, we'll offer you hightest selling price.”
第一個錯誤是句型形式“have the intention to sell”的錯誤;正確的形式是：intend to sell 或 have the intention of selling.
另外兩個錯誤和標點符號有關。一個是在副詞分句後面不該用句點而用;另一個是應該用句點的地方而不用。
“If……flat”是條件副詞分句，不可獨立生存，必須依賴後頭的主句“please……us”，才可以成為完整的複雜句***complex sentence***。這樣一來，主句前面的句點，就要改成逗號***，***了。
另外一個錯誤是兩個主句之間既沒有句點也沒有連線詞，而只有逗號;這種錯誤叫 run-on sentence：
“……， please don't hesitate to call us, we……”
這個句子裡的逗號***，***要改為句點***。***才對：
“……Please don't hesitate to call us. We……”
不用句點也可以，但要用恰當的連線詞，如：
“……，please don't hesitate to call us, as we'll offer you……”
談了3 個錯誤，現在來談最後一個錯誤，就是定冠詞*** definite article***的消失：
“We'll offer you highest selling price.”
習慣上，最高階形容詞***the superlative degree of adjectives***前面要用定冠詞 the.因此，這句話要改為：
“We'll offer you the highest selling price.”
必須使用定冠詞的例子
接下來，順便把其他必須用定冠詞的場合列下，作為參考。
一、表示世上唯一的事物，如：
①the sun; the earth; the sky; the North Pole
二、當一個名詞被再次提起時，如：
②A car knocked against a tree. We can still see the mark on the tree made by the car.
三、當名詞後面有個修飾作用的短語或分句時，如：
③The girl in red is my sister.
④The thief who stole your wallet yesterday was arrested.
四、加在某些形容詞前面，以表示某類人或事，如：
⑤The rich often get richer and the poor, poorer.
⑥The doctor lost no time in giving help to the injured.
⑦Don't expect the impossible.
加在某些山川、河流、島嶼、國家名稱之前，如：
⑧the Alps; the Thames; the British Isles; the Philippines; the Atlantic Ocean.
：動詞的運用
英語的動詞必須在人稱***person***、數目***number***、性別*** gender***和格***case***這些方面和主語取得一致或互相呼應。
在學生的英文作文中，動詞與主語呼應上的錯誤，經常出現。
下面這句話來自一個重要的公共部門的通告，裡面也出現了動詞與主語不一致的錯誤：
ABC corporation, with its five main subsidiary companies, have taken over the operations of the previous electricity and gas departments of XXX with effect from 1 october 1995.
這裡的主語是“ABC corporation”，它是單數的，動詞也應該是單數的 has，不是複數的 have，因此犯了動詞與主語不對應的錯誤。
既然這是個常見的錯誤，我們便要特別留意，並且記住下面這些指導原則：
·動詞和主語在人稱和數目上要一致，如：
① I am a writer.
② Helen is an editor.
③ They have a good future.
④ Dr Chen teaches us English.
⑤ Some old houses were burnt to the ground.
⑥ A deserted hut has already been demolished.
·兩個或兩個以上的單數主語由連線詞“and”貫串起來時，便成了複數，動詞也要複數，如：
⑦ David and Jason are colleagues.
⑧The driver and the passenger were involved in a quarrel.
·兩個主語由“with”或“as well as ”等連線時，動詞要和第一個主語的人稱及數目呼應，如：
⑨ A woman with her puppies is walking along the lake.
⑩ The monitor as well as the other students has been scolded.
·兩個主語由“either……or”或“neither……nor”連線時，動詞要和第二個主語的人稱及數目呼應，如：
11. Either you or your friend is wrong.
12. Neither John nor his classmates have said it.
·集合名詞***collective noun***當整體看待時，動詞是單數。
13. The steering committee is made up of five members.
14. The jury has made its final decision.
有時可以個別看待集合名詞裡的成員，這時這些成員合起來便變成複數，動詞也是複數了，如：
15. The committee have met once and they will meet again next month.
16. Despite hours of deliberations, the jury were still divided in their opinions.
：不定冠詞a/an的用法
不定冠詞最基本的用途就是用來表示“一”這概念，如：
① A stitch in time saves nine.
② Jason is an internationally known scholar.
此外，a/an 還有下列6種用途：
一、常和time、measurement等有關的名詞連用，以表示“每—” 的概念，如：
③ I teach five days a week.
④ This type of vegetables is sold at one dollar a kilo.
⑤ My car usually runs sixty kilometres an hour.
二、常和 hundred, thousand, dozen 以及數目及數量連用，如：
⑥ That factory turns out at least a hundred tyres a day.
⑦ Noel's monthly salary is a thousand dollars.
⑧ I have a number of sponsored students.
⑨ Mary has a lot of money.
三、在“of / at”後面出現，以表示“同一類”這概念，如：
⑩Birds of a feather flock together.
11. Please come one at a time.
12. Things of a kind come together, so do people of a mind.
四、常在“rather, quite, many, half, what, such”等字後面出現，形成固定用法，如：
13. Tom is rather a fool.
14. I think Chinese is quite a useful language.
15. Many a student has asked that question.
16. The visitor left half an hour ago.
17. What a fine day it is!
18. How can you say such a thing?
五、用在“so, as, too, how +形容詞”這些結構裡，如：
19. We have not had so hot a day before.
20. Susan is as clever a girl as Anna.
21. That is too difficult a book for beginners.
22. No one knew how serious a problem it was until later.
六、出現在許多慣用語中，如：
23. Bob always has a bone to pick with others.
24. Some students turned a deaf ear to the teacher's advice.
25. All must learn a language with an eye to mastering it.
26. I hope you will make an effort to attend the meeting punctually.
27. Jason has an aversion to being idle.
28. The news of Jack's sudden resignation came as a bolt from the blue.