初二英語下冊語法知識點複習

　　初二英語下冊的語法學習，是一個讓人頭疼的問題。下面是小編收集整理的初二英語下冊語法的知識點複習以供大家學習。

　　初二英語下冊語法知識點：動詞形態不對應

　　如果同一句中應該等立的成分不對應，不但效益不好，而且也是一種句法上的缺陷。

　　下面兩則廣告中的第二個動詞形態就和前面的不對應，因此屬於一種字形上的錯誤：

　　① If you intend to buy or sell your property or having any queries, please feel free to call me .

　　② You will be in charge of interviewing and shortlisting candidates and to assist in the recruitment of 500 staff.

　　在第一句裡的“having”應改為“have”才對。不然，就要把這個分句完全寫出來：

　　“…… or if you have any queries, ……”

　　第二句裡的“and”是銜接前面的動名詞“interviewing and shortlisting”和後面的動名詞“assisting”。顯然，這裡不用動名詞而用不定式動詞“to assist”，也是犯了動詞形式不對應的錯誤，非改正不可。

　　還有，根據字詞的排列，“shortlisting”要排在“ interviewing”前面，才合邏輯。

　　①和②這類的錯誤相當普遍。雖然這樣的錯誤不會影響人們對文章的理解，但是總不是件文字上的好事，還是多多注意，儘量避免好。

　　同樣的，下列5個從學生作業中找出來的句子，也犯了同樣的毛病：

　　③ This will enable the parent to experience the new style of life and allows him or her enough time to consider settling down.

　　④ Utopianism violates the human conscience, denies privacy to individuals and discard human rights.

　　⑤ They have to reach a decision on either sending their child to a day-care centre or employ a maid.

　　⑥ It is very hard to relate the stories through other means and at the same time retains the critical aspects of the book.

　　⑦ This problem can be solved by developing correct language skills, concentrating on studies day by day, and try not to exert too much pressure.

　　③到⑦句子裡的動詞形態的錯誤是明顯的，改正也是容易的，即：

　　③ allow; ④ discards; ⑤ employing; ⑥ retain; ⑦ trying.

　　初二英語下冊語法知識點：主動與被動的關係

　　不是所有的主動語態***the active voice***都可以轉變為被動語態，因為有些及物動詞***the transitive verb***是不適合以被動形式出現的。

　　下列句子可以證明：

　　① I have a Japanese car.

　　② The auditorium holds 3000 people.

　　③ This coat does not fit you.

　　④ Jane resembles her mother.

　　⑤ Tom jumped the queue.

　　⑥ I wish you would mind your business.

　　⑦ Such an idea has just crossed my mind.

　　此外，有些及物動詞雖以主動語態出現，卻具有被動含義，故不宜再轉變為被動語態。其實，也不能變，因為這些動詞後面沒有賓語。例如：

　　⑧ This new knife cuts well.

　　⑨ Nylon shirts wash easily.

　　⑩ Jason's books sell quickly.

　　11. This type of ball pens writes in two colours.

　　12. The note reads as follows : "……"

　　另有些動詞，雖有主動語態，但卻常以被動形式出現，以便更加符合動詞慣用法。例如：

　　13. The train is scheduled to leave at 8pm.

　　14. All are supposed to come to the meeting on time.

　　15. The case was reported to the police.

　　13到15的主動語態為下，但卻少見：

　　*The railway officer schedules the train to leave at 8pm.

　　*The director supposes all to come to the meeting on time.

　　*Someone reported the case to the police.

　　最後還有一種情形，就是相當多動詞出現在“be + 過去分詞” 的結構裡。看上去，它們像是被動語態;實際上，並沒有被動的含義。更有趣的是，這些“be”後頭的過去分詞***the past participle ***已經漸漸轉化為形容詞，充當“be”和其他接擊動詞***linking verbs***的補足語***the complement***;因此不能和被動語態混為一談。下面是 8 個常見的例子：

　　16. Many undergraduates here are interested in business administration courses.

　　17. We were surprised at the unexpected news.

　　18. Most successful people are distinguished for their courage and diligence.

　　19. David was very pleased with my work.

　　20. One can be tired of doing anything some of the time.

　　21. We are quite concerned about our friend's predicament.

　　22. Joelle is overwhelmed with joy.

　　23. Are you acquainted with that field of study?