高中英語句子語法分析
改革開放三十多年以來,英語教育在我國已經廣為普及,整個社會對英語的要求也愈加精益求精。小編精心收集了，供大家欣賞學習!
1
S十V主謂結構
S十V十p主系表結構
S十V十O主謂賓結構
S十V十O1十O2 主謂雙賓結構
S十V十O十C 主謂賓補結構
說明：S=主語;V=謂語;P=表語;O=賓語;O1=間接賓語;O2=直接賓語;C=賓語補足語
五個基本句式詳細解釋如下：
1.S十V句式
在此句式中，V是不及物動詞，又叫自動詞***vi.***。例如：
He runs quickly.
他跑得快。
They listened carefully.
他們聽得很仔細。
He suffered from cold and hunger.
他挨凍受餓。
China belongs to the third world country.
中國屬於第三世界國家。
The gas has given out.
煤氣用完了。
My ink has run out.
我的鋼筆水用完了。
2.S十V十P句式
在此句式中，V是系動詞***link v.***，常見的系動詞有：look，seem，appear，sound，feel，taste，smell，grow，get，fall ill/asleep，stand/sit still，become，turn等。例如：
He is older than he looks.
他比看上去要老。
He seen interested in the book.
他似乎對這本書感興趣。
The story sounds interesting.
這個故事聽起來有趣。
The desk feels hard.
書桌摸起來很硬。
The cake tastes nice.
餅嚐起來很香。
The flowers smell sweet and nicc.
花聞起來香甜。
You have grown taller than before.
你長得比以前高了。
He has suddenly fallen ill.
他突然病倒了。
He stood quite still.
他靜靜地站看。
He becomes a teacher when he grew up.
他長大後當了教師。
He could never turn traitor to his country.
他永遠不會背叛他的祖國。
注意：有些動詞同時也是及物動詞，可構成SVO句式，例如：
He looked me up and down.
他上下打量我。
He reached his hand to feel the elephant.
他伸出手來摸象。
They are tasting the fish.
他們在品嚐魚。
They grow rice in their home town.
他們在家鄉種水稻。
He‘s got a chair to sit on.
他有椅子坐。
Please turn the sentence into English.
請把這個句於澤成英語。
3.S十V十O句式
在此句式中，V是及物動詞***vt.***，因此有賓語。例如：
I saw a film yesterday.
我昨天一部電影。
Have you read the story?
你讀過這個故事嗎?
They found their home easily.
他們很容易找到他們的家。
They built a house last year.
他們去年建了一所房子。
They‘ve put up a factory in the village.
他們在村裡建了一座工廠。
They have taken good care of the children.
這些孩子他們照看得很好。
You should look after your children well.
你應該好好照看你的孩子。
4.S十V十O1十O2句式
在此句式中，V是帶有雙賓語的及物動詞。常見的須帶雙賓語的動詞有give，ask，bring，offer，send，pay，lend，show，tell，buy，get;rob，warn等。例如：
He gave me a book/a book to me.
他給我一本書。
He brought me a pen/a pen to me.
他帶給我一枝鋼筆。
He offered me his seat/his seat to me.
他把座位讓給我。
注意下邊動詞改寫後介詞的變化：
Mother bought me a book/a book for me.
媽媽給我買了一本書。
He got me a chair/a chair for me.
他給我弄了一把椅子。
Please do me a favor/a favor for me.
請幫我一下。
He asked me a question/a question of me.
他問我個問題。
注意，下邊動詞只有一種說法：
They robbed the old man of his money.
他們搶了老人的錢。
He‘s warned me of the danger.
他警告我注意危險。
The doctor has cured him of his disease.
醫生治好了他的病。
We must rid the house of th erats.
我們必須趕走屋裡的老鼠。
They deprived him of his right to speak.
他們剝奪了他說話的權利。
5.S十V十O十C句式
在此句式中，V是有賓語補足語的及物動詞。常帶賓語補足語的詞有形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、名詞、不定式、現在分詞、過去分詞。
常見的可接賓語補足語的動詞很多，哪些動詞可接哪幾種形式作賓補，須根據動詞的慣用法而定，不能統而概論。請看下面的例子。
They made the girl angry.
他們使這個女孩生氣了。
They found her happy that day.
他們發現那天她很高興。
I found him out.
我發現他出去了。
I saw him in.
我見他在家。
They saw a foot mark in the sand.
他們發現沙地上有腳印。
They named the boy Charlie.
他們給這個男孩起名為查理。
I saw him come in and go out.
我見他進來又出去。
They felt the car moving fast.
他們感到汽車行駛得很快。
I heard the glass broken just now.
我剛才聽到玻璃碎了。
He found the doctor of study closed to him.
他發現研究所的大門對他關閉了。
2
八種英語時態
1. 一般現在時
時間狀語：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week ***day, year, month…***, once a week, on Sundays, etc.
基本結構：①be動詞;②行為動詞
否定形式：①am/is/are+not;②此時態的謂語動詞若為行為動詞，則在其前加don't，如主語為第三人稱單數，則用doesn't，同時還原行為動詞。
一般疑問句：①把be動詞放於句首;②用助動詞do提問，如主語為第三人稱單數，則用does，同時，還原行為動詞。
例：① If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we’ll go for a picnic.
② I will tell her the message as soon as I see her.
③ She wouldn’t stop crying until her mother came home.
④ The teacher said that the moon is smaller than the earth.
2. 一般過去時
概念：過去某個時間裡發生的動作或狀態;過去習慣性、經常性的動作、行為。
時間狀語：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week***year, night, month…***, in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
基本結構：①be動詞;②行為動詞
否定形式：①was/were+not;②在行為動詞前加didn't，同時還原行為動詞。
一般疑問句：①was或were放於句首;②用助動詞do的過去式did 提問，同時還原行為動詞。
例：① The boy began to learn English when he was five.
② Jack often got up very late during the summer holiday.
③ Did you visit the Great Wall while you were traveling in BJ?
3. 現在進行時
概念：表示現階段或說話時正在進行的動作及行為。
時間狀語：now, at this time, these days, etc.
基本結構：am/is/are+doing
否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing.
一般疑問句：把be動詞放於句首。
例：Have you moved into your new house?---Not yet. It still being paint.
Look there! Ma Ning is playing basketball alone.
4. 過去進行時
概念：表示過去某段時間或某一時刻正在發生或進行的行為或動作。
時間狀語：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引導的謂語動詞是一般過去時的時間狀語等。
基本結構：was/were+doing
否定形式：was/were + not + doing.
一般疑問句：把was或were放於句首。
例：① I was watching TV when my teacher came to my home.
② He was drinking with us when the killing happened.
③ It was 8:00 now, and he was having his breakfast.
5. 現在完成時
概念：過去發生或已經完成的動作對現在造成的影響或結果，或從過去已經開始，持續到現在的動作或狀態。
時間狀語：recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.
基本結構：have/has + done
否定形式：have/has + not +done.
一般疑問句：have或has。
例：① He has already gone to Tianjin.
② Mr Wang has lived here since 1983.
③ I've never seen that film
6. 過去完成時
概念：以過去某個時間為標準，在此以前發生的動作或行為，或在過去某動作之前完成的行為，即“過去的過去”。
時間狀語：before, by the end of last year***term, month…***,etc.
基本結構：had + done.
否定形式：had + not + done.
一般疑問句：had放於句首。
例：By nine o’clock last night,we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship.
7. 一般將來時
概念：表示將要發生的動作或存在的狀態及打算、計劃或準備做某事。
時間狀語：tomorrow, next day***week, month, year…***,soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.
基本結構：①am/is/are/going to + do;②will/shall + do.
否定形式：①am/is/are + not+ going to + do; ②在行為動詞前加will /shall+ not+do，同時還原行為動詞。
一般疑問句：①be放於句首;②will/shall提到句首。
例：The Greens are leaving for Shanghai tomorrow.
8. 過去將來時
概念：立足於過去某一時刻，從過去看將來，常用於賓語從句中。
時間狀語：the next day***morning, year…***,the following month***week…***,etc.
基本結構：①was/were/going to + do;②would/should + do.
否定形式：①was/were/not + going to + do;②would/should + not + do.
一般疑問句：①was或were放於句首;②would/should 提到句首。
例：They told me that they would go to work in Guangdong.
3
英語中的幾種時態在一定情況下可以互相轉換，以下是幾種常見的轉換形式：
1. 一般過去時與現在完成時的轉換
在現在完成時中，延續性動詞能與表示一段時間的狀語連用，瞬間動詞卻不能。但是，可用別的表達方式：
①瞬間動詞用於“一段時間 + ago”的一般過去時的句型中;
②瞬間動詞可改成與之相對應的延續性動詞及短語，與一段時間連用;
③瞬間動詞用於“It is + 一段時間 + since + 一般過去時”的句型中，表示“自從……以來有……時間”的意思，主句一般用it is來代替It has been;
④瞬間動詞用於“Some time has passed since + 一般過去時”的句型中。
例：
① He joined the League two years ago.
② He has been in the League for two years.
③ It is two years since he joined the League.
④ Two years has passed since he joined the League.
2. 一般現在時與現在進行時的轉換
在一般現在時中，at加上名詞表示“處於某種狀態”，如at work***在工作***, at school***上學、上課***等。此短語可與進行時態轉換。請看：
① Peter is at work, but Mike is at play.
② Peter is working, but Mike is playing.
3. 現在進行時與一般將來時的轉化換
在現在進行時態中go, come, leave, start, arrive等動詞常與表示將來的時間狀語連用表示將要發生的動作。如：I am coming, Mum! 意為“我就來，媽媽!”請看：
① The train is leaving soon.
② The train will leave soon.
4. “be going to+動詞原形”與“will***shall***+動詞原形”結構的轉換
“be going to+動詞原形”、表示打算、計劃要做的事;將來時“will***shall***+動詞原形”結構在書面語中，當主語為第一人稱時，常用助動詞shall。在口語中，所有人稱都可以用will。請看：
① We are going to visit the Great Wall next Sunday.
② We shall visit the Great Wall next Sunday.