關係代詞的用法
關係代詞用來引導定語從句。它代表先行詞,同時在從句中作一定的句子成分。關係代詞有主格,賓格和屬格之分,並有指人與指物之分。那麼你知道嗎?下面跟著小編學習一下吧。
一、
1、引導
定語從句關係代詞代表先行詞,同時在從句中作一定的句子成分,例如:The girl whom I spoke to is my cousin. 跟我講話的女孩是我表妹。該句中whom既代表先行詞the girl,又在從句中作介詞to的賓語。This is the pencil whose point is broken.這就是那個折了尖的鉛筆。whose 指物,在限定性定語從句中作定語He came back for the book which he had forgotten.他重新回來都忘記了他的那本書。which指物,在限定性定語從句中作賓語,可以省略
2、先行詞
which
例如:He said he saw me there, which was a lie.他說在那兒看到了我,純屬謊言。
3、其他用法
關係代詞that在從句中作賓語或表語時可省略。
例如:I've forgotten much of the Latin I once knew.我過去懂拉丁語,2010年大都忘了。
He's changed. He's not the man he was.他變化很大,已不是過去的他了。
註釋:關係代詞在從句中作賓語時可省略,that在從句中作表語時也可省略。非限定性定語從句中,不能用that作關係代詞。
二、語法注意
1.常用that 不用which的情況:
1先行詞為不定代詞all,little,few,much, anything, everything, nothing, something等時。
I will do all that I can to help you.
2先行詞被序數詞、形容詞最高階或the only, the very等所修飾或其本身就是序數詞﹑形容詞最高階時。
He was the only person that joined the army in his village that year.
3先行詞既有人,又有物時
They talked about the people and the things thatthey remembered in the school.
4當主句是以who 或which開頭的疑問句時, 定語從句用that 引導, 以避免重複。
Who is the boy that was here just now?
2. 若被修飾的名詞充當從句介詞賓語時
介詞可提前於引導詞之前,此時的引導詞只能用whom 或which.