高階英語寫作駁論文
高階英語寫作——駁論文，它的寫法你們知道嗎?你們有模板可以參考嗎?下面是小編給大家整理的，供大家參閱!
In any academic area or professional field, it is just as important to recognize the limits of our knowledge and understanding as it is to acquire new facts and information.“
Personally, I hold that knowledge knows no bounds, therefore, on realizing this awkwardness, the only thing man should do is to absorb as much new knowledge as he can for the sake of not lagging behind the pacing steps of our world.
但是作者完全是從另外一個角度去論證,且看下文.
Does recognizing the limits of our knowledge and understanding serve us equally well as acquiring new facts and information, as the speaker asserts?注意這一句經典的反問式開頭了,這是最引人注目的.While our everyday experience might lend credence to this assertion, further reflection reveals its fundamental inconsistency with our Western view of how we acquire knowledge. Nevertheless,雖然是原則上不盡同意但還是提出妥協的辦法,從而顯出作者是critical thinking的,這一點很重要,也是拿分的重頭戲也.a careful and thoughtful definition of knowledge can serve to reconcile the two.
讓我們記一記一些好詞好句：lend credence to this assertion ***有足夠的證據***證明這一觀點的正確性;further reflection reveals its fundamental inconsistency with…;Nevertheless, a careful and thoughtful definition of knowledge can serve to reconcile the two.
On the one hand, the speaker"s assertion accords with the everyday experience of working professionals. For example, the sort of "book”knowledge that medical, law, and business students acquire, no matter how extensive, is of little use unless these students also learn to accept the uncertainties and risks inherent in professional practice and in the business world.
Any successful doctor, lawyer, or entrepreneur would undoubtedly agree that new precedents and challenges in their fields compel them to acknowledge the limitations of their knowledge, and that learning to accommodate these limitations is just as important in their professional success as knowledge itself.
在駁論的第一段,作者就舉例子說明知識的有限性並不一定意味著各行各業的人就必須汲取其他方面的知識,恰恰相反,對於醫生、律師或企業家來說意識到了自我知識的有限,並且尋求方法去適應調和這一有限性反而是必要的.
Moreover, the additional knowledge we gain by collecting more information often diminishes-sometimes to the point where marginal gains turn to marginal losses. Consider, for instance, the collection of financial- investment information. No amount of knowledge can eliminate the uncertainty and risk inherent in financial investing. Also, information overload can result in confusion, which in turn can diminish one"s ability to assimilate information and apply it usefully. Thus, by recognizing the limits of their knowledge, and by accounting for those limits when making decisions, investment advisors can more effectively serve their clients.
作者進一步通過金融投資業資訊的贅餘的危害性來駁斥原文的觀點.
On the other hand, the speaker"s assertion seems self-contradictory, for how can we know the limits of our knowledge until we"ve thoroughly tested those limits through exhaustive empirical observation--that is, by acquiring facts and information. For example, it would be tempting to concede that we can never understand the basic forces that govern all matter in the universe. Yet due to increasingly precise and extensive fact- finding efforts of scientists, we might now be within striking distance of understanding the key laws by which all physical matter behaves. Put another way, the speaker"s assertion flies in the face of悍然不顧,公然違抗the scientific method, whose fundamental tenet is that we humans can truly know only that which we observe. Thus Francis Bacon, who first formulated the method, might assert that the speaker is fundamentally incorrect.
說實話,我覺得這一段裡,作者玩了一個詭辯的小伎倆：先是指出原文觀點的自相矛盾性,然後引出自己的看法——認識論遠重要於獲取新的事實和資訊,也就是要“先認識知識和理解力的侷限然後才是攝取新知.”
How can we reconcile our experience in everyday endeavors with the basic assumption underlying the scientific method? Perhaps the answer lies in a distinction between two types of knowledge--one which amounts to a mere collection of observations ***i.e., facts and information***, the other which is deeper and includes a realization of principles and truths underlying those observations. At this deeper level "knowledge" equals "under- standing": how we interpret, make sense of, and find meaning in the information we collect by way of observation.
作者就上一段提出的問題推出自己的解決方法,即認識到“知識”分成兩種：純觀察行為所得的資訊;萃取之後的經過自己消化後的“理解”.但我覺得這裡還有待發揮,估計是時間不夠了,倉促間收筆吧.沒有很好的說明白.
In the final analysis, evaluating the speaker"s assertion requires that we define "knowledge,"which in turn requires that we address complex epistemological issues best left to philosophers and theologians. Yet perhaps this is the speaker"s point: that we can never truly know either ourselves or the world, and that by recognizing this limitation we set ourselves free to accomplish what no amount of mere information could ever permit.
最後一句玩了複雜句的構句技巧,想搏ets一笑.但我覺得還是總結的不夠好,沒有說到點子上.其實,我們平實的寫作大可不必如此玩弄文字,因為如果當別人都不知道你在說什麼的話,一味專心於難句,無異於“喧賓奪主”了.個人認為,作者寫得有點不知所云了.
寫作方法
第一步：樹起靶子***敵論點***，有的放矢。
舉例：人們常用“功夫不負有心人”這句話來勉勵自己，認為做事只要有心，功夫下到，就能成功。殊不知，功夫也會負有心人。為什麼?因為“功夫不負有心人”這句話只強調了人的主觀能動性的一面，而忽視了要尊重客觀規律的一面。***《功夫也負有心人》開頭***
第二步：正面立論，針鋒相對。***位置可靈活***
第三步：引據論證，深入批駁。
***1.現象+危害 2.剖析錯誤本質***
先破後立，或先立後破，或破立結合。
在結構上可總-分-總式，或並列式展開，或層進式推進，據情況靈活運用。
第四步：收尾照應，提出希望。***談做法***
【例文】
“補牢”豈待“亡羊”後
成語“亡羊補牢”眾所周知，大意是丟了羊後，再補好羊圈，尚不算晚。它比喻犯了錯誤後，應及時糾正、以彌補損失。***樹起靶子,有的放矢***
然而，我卻認為，“補牢”豈待“亡羊”後? ***正面立論，針鋒相對***
沒丟“羊”之前，總認為“羊圈”固若金湯，萬無一失，高枕無憂。“補牢”的工作嘛，一定得“亡羊”之後才能做，一定得造成了損失了才大吃一驚。這就是某些官僚主義者頭腦中僵化的模式和刻板的邏輯。***破***
既要養“羊”，就得護“羊”，就得經常檢查“羊圈”牢不牢，就得經常做修補工作。否則，亡一隻兩隻“羊”，再補“牢”尚可，若亡一群“羊”或“羊”全部跑光呢?其損失就慘重了，付出的代價也就太大了。***破立***
看一看發生在眼前的事實吧。我國的森林面積少得可憐，但總要等到大興安嶺的大片森林化為灰燼後，才來懲處官僚主義分子;我國的科技人才奇缺，但總要等到羅健夫、蔣築英等中年知識分子命歸黃泉後，才懂得呼籲全社會來關心他們;我國國民的文化素質和發達國家本有差距，但總要等到我國已形成兩億多文盲的大軍之後，才意識到教育戰線上存在著危機;培養和造就社會主義建設的接班人是一項任務，但總要等到青少年犯罪率急劇上升後，才擔憂起思想教育方面存在著隱患來„„“牢”雖然補了，有些正在補，可“羊”亡得何其多，損失何其慘重啊!***破***
從哲學的高度看，樹立長期的“補牢”思想，是內因，而“亡羊”誠然能對“補牢”工作敲響警鐘，但它畢竟只是外因。如若沒有樹立先“補牢”防“亡羊”的思想，就等於放棄了內因的主導作用，這必然會受到歷史的懲罰!其實，“亡羊補牢”是損失造成後一種消極的補救辦法，何不防患於未然呢?這正如吃一塹，固然可以長一智，但長一智不一定非要以“吃一塹”為前提呀?!***破立***
我們的“羊”亡了一次又一次，緊接著“牢”也補了一回又一回。我們的教訓太多，損失不小。“亡羊補牢”的惰性思想不除，我國前進的步伐就會受到嚴重的阻礙!***立******引據論證，深入批駁***
祖國要富強，民族要振興。炎黃的子孫們，猛醒吧!“補牢”豈待“亡羊”後?!***收尾照應，提出希望***
△駁論方法：
1.直接駁論
1***直接駁論點
2***通過駁論據
3***通過駁論證
2.間接駁論：樹立正面觀點，證明它是正確的。***類似於反證法***
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