人教版英語必修三語法
英語語法是針對英語語言進行研究後，系統地總結歸納出來的一系列語言規則。下面小編給你分享，歡迎閱讀。
情態動詞
情態動詞表推測的三種句式
1.在肯定句中一般用must ***一定***,may***可能***,might /can,could***也許,或許***.***1***He must/may/might know the answer to this question?他一定/可能/也許知道這個問題的答案.
2.否定句中用can’t / couldn’t***不可能***,may not/might not***可能不***.***1***It can’t/couldn’t be the headmaster.He has gone to America.這不可能是校長,他去美國了.3.疑問句中用can/could ***能……?***.***1***Could he have finished the task?他可能把任務完成了嗎?***2***Can he be at home now?他現在能在家嗎?
注：以上三種句式中情態動詞的語氣按程度都是依次遞減的.Might,could並非may,can的過去式,而表示語氣較為委婉或可能性較小.
***二***情態動詞表推測的三種時態
1.對將來情況的推測,用“情態動詞 + 動詞原形”.
***1***She must / may / might / could arrive before 5.5:00前她一定/可能/也許到.
2.對現在或一般情況的推測,用“情態動詞 + be”,“情態動詞 +be doing”或“情態動詞 + 動詞原形”.***1***He must / may / might / could be listening to the radio now.他一定/可能/也許正在聽收音機.
注：情態動詞 should /ought to表推測時,意為“想必會,理應……”但與“have +過去分詞”連用時,則又可構成虛擬語氣意為“本應該做某事卻沒做”.例如：***4***It’s seven o’clock.Jack should/ought to be here at any moment.現在七點鐘了,傑克理應隨時到達.***推測*** ***5***She should / ought to have attended your birthday party,but she had to look after her mother in hospital.***虛擬*** 她本該出席你的生日晚會的,可是她得在醫院照顧她媽媽.***6***Tom should not /ought not to have told me your secret,but he meant no harm.***虛擬*** 湯姆本不該告訴我你的祕密,可是他並無惡意.
助動詞***auxiliary***主要有兩類：基本助動詞***primary auxiliary***和情態助動詞***modal auxiliary***.基本助動詞有三個：do,have和be;情態助動詞基本的有十四個：may,might; can,could; will,would; shall,should; must,need,dare,used to,ought to.had better 上述兩類助動詞的共同特徵是,在協助主動詞構成限定動詞片語
名詞性從句
主語從句
作句子主語的從句叫主語從句.主語從句通常由從屬連詞that,whether,if和連線代詞what,who,which,whatever,whoever以及連線副詞how,when,where,why等詞引導.that在句中無詞義,只起連線作用;連線代詞和連線副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問含義、又起連線作用,在從句中充當從句的成分.
賓語從句
名詞從句用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句.引導賓語從句的關聯詞與引導主語從句表語從句的關聯詞大致一樣,在句中可以作謂語動詞或介詞及非謂語動詞的賓語.
表語從句
在句中作表語的從句叫表語從句.引導表語從句的關聯詞與引導主語從句的關聯詞大致一樣,表語從句位於連繫動詞後,有時用as if引導.其基本結構為：主語 + 系動詞 + that從句.例如：The fact is that we have lost the game.事實是我們已經輸了這場比賽.That’s just what I want.這正是我想要的.
【注意】whether 可引導表語從句,但與之同義的if卻通常不用於引導表語從句.
同位語從句
同位語從句說明其前面的名詞的具體內容.同位語從句通常由that引導,可用於同位語從句的名詞有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等.
習題
1.被動語態的一般式和過去式
***1***. The way the guests ________ in the hotel influenced their evaluation of the service. ***2009 北京***
A. treated B. were treated C. would treat D. would be treated
***2***. Would you please keep silent? The weather report ________ and I want to listen. ***2009 湖南***
A. is broadcast B. is being broadcast
C. has been broadcast D. had been broadcast
***3***. I like these English songs and they ________many times on the radio. ***2008安徽***
A. taught B. have taught C. are taught D. have been taught
***4***. Professor Williams keeps telling his students that the future ________ to the well-educated. ***2009 重慶***
A. belongs B. is belonged C. is belonging D. will be belonged
***5***. The water ________ cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise. ***2006 全國***
A. was felt B. is felt C. felt D. feels
2.主謂一致
***1***.Walmart, which is one of the largest American supermarket chains, open 24 hours on Mondays through Saturdays.***2012安徽***
A. keeps B. keep C. have kept D. had kept
***2***. The basketball coach, as well as his team, ______ interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance. ***2012陝西***
A. were B. was C. is D. are
***3***. All the scientific evidence ____ that increasing use of chemicals in farming _____ damaging our health. ***2012湖南***
A. show; are B. shows; are C. show; is D. shows; is
***4***. The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which _____ saved for other purposes.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
***5***.One third of the country ______covered with trees and the majority of the citizens_______ black people. ***2011湖南卷***
A. is; are B. is; is C. are; are D. are; is
***6***.Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only one of the women who _______ evening dress.***2010全國***
A.wear B.wears C.has worn D.have worn