密蘇里

克魯泡特金(1842～1921年)

Kropotkin,Peter (Alekseyevich)

俄國革命者和地理學家，無政府主義的前衛理論家。親王之子，1871年拋棄了貴族繼承權。儘管他在諸如地理學、動物學、社會學和歷史學方面都取得了聲望，但還是迴避了物質上的成功而追求革命者的生活。他因政治罪而入獄（1874～1876），但越獄逃往西歐。在法國，因捏造的煽動罪而再次入獄（1883～1886）。1886年他定居英國，直到1917年俄國革命才讓他迴歸故里。在流放期間，他寫了幾本有影響的書，包括《一個革命者回憶錄》（1899）和《互助論》（1902），在這些書中，他試圖把無政府主義置於科學的基礎上，提出物種演化的主要因素是合作而不是衝突。克魯泡特金回到俄國後，對布林什維克用獨裁主義而不是自由主義的方法來革命感到非常失望，從此退出政治界。

English version：

1842～1921年

Kropotkin,Peter (Alekseyevich)

Russian revolutionary and geographer,foremost theorist of anarchism. The son of a prince,in 1871 he renounced his aristocratic heritage. Though he achieved renown in such fields as geography,zoology,sociology,and history,he shunned material success for the life of a revolutionist. He was imprisoned on political charges (1874-76) but escaped and fled to Western Europe. In France,he was imprisoned on trumped-up charges of sedition (1883-86),and in 1886 he settled in England,where he remained until the Russian Revolution of 1917 allowed him to return home. While in exile,he wrote several influential books,including Memoirs of a Revolutionist (1899) and Mutual Aid (1902),in which he attempted to put anarchism on a scientific basis and argued that cooperation rather than conflict is the chief factor in the evolution of species. On his return to Russia he was bitterly disappointed that the Bolsheviks had made their revolution by authoritarian rather than libertarian methods,and he retired from politics.