委拉斯開茲

救星托勒密一世(前365年～西元前283/282年)

Ptolemy I Soter

埃及統治者（西元前323～西元前285年）和托勒密王朝的建立者。為亞歷山大大帝的馬其頓將軍，在亞歷山大死後和其他將軍分割了帝國，成為埃及總督。亞歷山大的後繼者馬上發起戰爭。雖然他和其他人反擊了安提哥那一世對埃及的進攻，但在西元前306年托勒密仍被安提哥那打敗。在羅得島戰中（西元前304年）擊敗了安提哥那後，獲得救星的稱號，但直到西元前301年的伊普蘇斯戰役中安提哥那才最終被征服。托勒密透過聯盟和婚姻確保並擴充套件了他的王國。他和其後繼國王贏得了對馬其頓的德米特里一世的最後一戰的勝利（西元前288～西元前286年），將雅典從馬其頓的佔領下解放了出來。他獲得了島上居民聯盟（包括了愛琴海的大部分島嶼）的控制權，這形成了埃及海上霸權的基礎。作為國王他尊重埃及文化，融合希臘和埃及民族和宗教，成立了亞歷山大里亞圖書館和博物館。死後埃及人將他尊奉為神。由兒子托勒密二世繼承了他的王位。

English version：

前365年～西元前283/282年

Ptolemy I Soter

Ruler of Egypt (323-285) and founder of the Ptolemaic dynasty. A Macedonian general of Alexander the Great,he and the other generals divided the empire after Alexander's death,Ptolemy becoming satrap of Egypt. Alexander's successors were soon at war. Ptolemy was defeated in 306 by Antigonus I Monophthalmus,though he and the others rebuffed Antigonus' attack on Egypt. He earned the name Soter (“Savior”) after defeating Antigonus on Rhodes (304),but Antigonus was not finally crushed until 301 at the Battle of Ipsus. Ptolemy secured and expanded his empire through alliances and marriages. He and his fellow kings won a final war (288-286) against Demetrius of Macedonia,freeing Athens from Macedonian occupation. He obtained control of the League of Islanders (including most of the Aegean islands),which formed the basis of Egypt's maritime supremacy. As king he respected Egyptian culture,blended Greek and Egyptian peoples and religions,and founded the Library and Museum of Alexandria. After his death the Egyptians raised him to the level of a god. He was succeeded by his son,Ptolemy II Philadelphus.