成考英語語法
語法是英語考試中的重中之重,所佔分值也多。提高英語能力的方法是多讀多練多積累。小編在這裡整理了供大家閱讀,希望能幫助到您。
第一部分:語氣的定義和種類
1 語氣***mood***:語氣是動詞的一種形式,表示說話人對某一行為或事情的看法和態度。
2 語氣的種類
⑴、陳述語氣:表示動作或狀態是現實的、確定的或符合事實的,用於陳述句、疑問句和某些感嘆句。如:
①There are two sides to every question.每個問題都有兩個方面。
②Were you busy all day yesterday?昨天一整天你都很忙嗎?
③How good a teacher she is!她是多好的一位老師啊!
⑵、祈使語氣:表示說話人對對方的請求或命令。如:
①Never be late again!再也不要遲到了。
②Don‘t forget to turn off the light.別忘了關燈。
⑶、虛擬語氣:表示動作或狀態不是客觀存在的事實,而是說話人的主觀願望、假設或推測等。如:
①If I were a bird,I could fly in the air.如果我是一隻小鳥,我就能在空中飛行。
②I wish I could pass the examination.我希望我能通過考試。
③May you succeed!祝您成功!
第二部分:簡單句中的虛擬語氣
一、情態動詞的過去式用於現在時態時,表示說話人的謙虛、客氣、有禮貌、或委婉的語氣,常用於日常會話中。如:
⑴、Would you be kind enough to show methe way to the post office?請你告訴我去郵局的路好嗎?
⑵、It would be better for you not tostay up too late.你最好別熬夜到很晚。
二、表祝願。
1、常用“may+動詞原形”表示祝願,但願,此時may須置於句首***多用於正式文體中***。
⑴、May good luck be yours!祝你好運! ⑵、May you be happy!祝你快樂!
⑶、May you do even better!祝你取得更大成就!⑷、Mayyou have a good time. 祝願你玩的痛快。
⑸、May the friendship between us lastlong. 祝願我們的友情天長地久。
⑹、May you be happy. ***注意那個be***祝你幸福。
2、用動詞原形。例如:
***1***、Long live the people!人民萬歲!***2***、“Godbless you,”said the priest.牧師說:“願上帝保佑你!”
***3***、Have a good journey!祝願你旅途愉快!
三、表示強烈願望。***該型別虛擬語氣謂語僅用動詞原形,第三人稱單數也不加“s”***
***1***、God save me. ***2***、Heavenhelp us.
四、表命令
1.命令虛擬語氣只能用在第二人稱***you***,而且通常省略主語***也就是you***。
2.句子尾通常加上感嘆號:!
3.虛擬語氣動詞用一般現在時態***Simple Present***,如:work,be , go
4.否定形式的命令語氣,可用助動詞do,加上not.
***1***、Work !***2***、Workharder !***3***、Be more alert !***虛擬語氣動詞Be******4***、Yougo out !
***5***、Do not work so hard. ***donot 表示否定的虛擬語氣***
***6***、Don't be afraid. ***口語中常用don't代替do not***
五、在一些習慣表達中
如:***1***、You‘dbetter set off now.你最好現在就出發。***2***、I‘drather not tell you the secret.我情願不告訴你這個祕密。
第三部分:名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣
第一節:賓語從句***Subordinate Clasue***中的虛擬語氣
一、在動詞wish後的賓語從句中的虛擬語氣
在動詞wish後的賓語從句中的虛擬語氣,常省去賓語從句的引導詞that.
一***、對現在情況的虛擬***與現在的事實相反***:
從句用過去式或過去進行式***時間上是同時的***。其句子結構為:賓語從句的謂語be和were***was***,實義動詞用過去式。例:
1. I wish ***that可省略,下同***Iknew the answer to the question.***wish,動詞過去式knew***我希望知道這個答案。***事實上是不知道***
2. I wish it were springin my hometown all the year around.***wish,were***但願我的家鄉四季如春。***事實上不可能***
3. I wish I were a bird.***wish,were***但願我是隻小鳥。***事實上不可能***
4. When she was at theparty,she wished she were at home.***wished,過去虛擬動詞were******事實上並不在家***
5. Now that he is inChina,he wishes he understood Chinese.***wishes,過去虛擬動詞understood***現在他在中國,他希望能懂得中文。***事實上並不懂***
6. When we begin thetrip,they will wish they were with us.***willwish,過去虛擬動詞were******事實上並不和我們在一起***
二***、對過去情況的虛擬***和過去的事實相反***:
用wish表示對過去事情的遺憾。其句子結構為:賓語從句的謂語用過去完成時,或would,could,might+現在完成時。例:
1. I wish ***that可省略,下同***Ihadn't wasted so much time. 我後悔不該浪費這麼多時間。***事實上已浪費了***
2. He wishes he hadn'tlost the chance. 他真希望沒有失去機會。***其實已失去***
3. We wished he hadspoken to us. ***wished,had + spoken******事實上他並沒同我們講***
4. I wish you had calledearlier. ***wish, had + called******事實上已遲了***
5. They will wish theyhad listened to us sooner. ***will wish,had+ listened******事實上並不如此***
例題分析:I wish I ______ longerthis morning,but I had to get up and come to class.
A. could have slept B.sleptC. might have slept D. have slept
動詞wish後面接從句,表達不可能實現或與事實相反的情況時,謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣,即用過去式***表示現在發生的動作***或過去完成式***表示過去發生的動作***。本題後半句謂語動詞have用的是過去時had to get up and come,所以前面要用過去完成時表示過去發生的動作。所以,選項A***could have slept是答案
三***、對將來情況的虛擬***表示將來的主觀願望***:
從句動詞"would/should/could/might+ 動詞原形"***時間上較後******請注意:主句和從句的主語不相同***。用wish表示對將來事情的願望。例:
1. I wish it would stopraining.***虛擬動詞would+動詞原形stop***我希望雨能停止。***事實上雨還在下著呢***
2. I wish you would bequiet.***would + be***我希望你安靜一些。***事實上那傢伙還在吵著呢***
3. You wished she wouldarrive the next day.***would + arrive***你希望她第二天會到。***事實上她還沒到***
4. I wish she wouldchange her mind.***would + change***我希望她會改變主意。***呵呵,女孩子可沒那麼容易就改變主意喔***
5. He will wish we wouldjoin him the following week.***would + join******只是希望我們和他在一起,實際上還沒在一起***
四***、注意:
1.如果將wish改為過去式wished,其後that從句中的動詞形式不變。例如:
I wished I hadn't spentso much money. 我要是那時沒有花掉那麼多錢就好了。
2. 如果that從句中用would ,一般表示對現狀不滿或希望未來有所改變或請求
I wish he would answermy letter. I wish prices would comedown. I wish you would help me.
I wish you would stopasking silly questions.
二、在表示建議、命令、要求、忠告等動詞的後面的賓語從句中的虛擬語氣
由於這些動詞本身隱含說話者的主觀意見,認為某事應該或不應該怎樣,這些詞語後面的“that”從句應用虛擬語氣,且均以“should+動詞原形”表示這種語氣,但事實上“should”常被省略,故此從句中謂語動詞用原形,常用的此類動詞有:表示“要求”的:ask, desire, request,demand, require, beg表示“提議、勸告、建議”的:move,prpose, suggest, recommend,advise, vote表示“決定、命令”的:decide,order表示“主張”的:maintain,urge表示“同意、堅持”的:consent,insist
例如:
1.The doctor suggestedthat he ***should***try to lose his weight.
2.He insisted that we ***should***tell him the news.
3.When I suggested thathe try shaving cream, he said,“Therazor and water do the job. ”***當我建議他用刮鬍膏時,他說“剃刀和水就行了”。***
4.He pursued varioustheories for several days until I suggested we take the toy apart to see how itdid work. ***他費了幾天功夫尋找理論根據,直到我建議拆開看看它是如何轉動的。***
5.One can suggest thatstudents should spend two or three years in an English speaking country. ***我們建議學生應在說英語的國家呆上兩三年。***
在表示命令、建議、要求等一類動詞後面的從句中虛擬語氣很普遍,其結構如:
order,suggest, propose, require,demand, request, insist,command, insist +…… ***should***do
6.I suggest that we ***should***holda meeting next week.
7.He insisted that he ***should***be sent there.
但注意:在insist 後的從句中,如果是堅持自己,用陳述語氣,堅持別人做什麼事情,用虛擬語氣。
8.she insists that sheis right.
9.she insisted that Ishould finish the work at once.
或者說,suggest,insist不表示建議或堅持要某人做某事時,即它們用於其本意暗示、表明、堅持認為時,賓語從句用陳述語氣。
10.The guard at gateinsisted that everybody obey the rules.
判斷改錯:
***錯***11.You pale facesuggests that you ***should***beill.
***對***12.Your pale facesuggests that you are ill.
***錯***13.I insisted that you ***should***be wrong.
***對***14.I insisted that youwere wrong.
例題分析:15.It is politelyrequested by the hotel management that radios ______ after 11 o'clock at night.
A. were not played B.not be playedC. not to play D. did not play
全句意思是:“旅館管理部門懇請客人晚上11點後不要開啟收音機”。句中的謂語動詞request***請求***所引出的從句應當用虛擬語氣,即動詞原形或“should+動詞原形”。本句的主語從句中,主語radio是謂語動詞play的客體,謂語應當用被動語態。所以,答案是C***not be played.在上述這類句子中不能用動詞過去時形式表示虛擬語氣,所以A***不正確。選項B***not to play是動詞帶to的不定式,不能在句中作謂語。選項D***did not play也是動詞play的過去時形式,同樣不能在本句中作為虛擬語氣來使用。而且,它是主動語態形式,而本題要用被動語態。
練習:
16***、Thechairman requested that .
[A]the members studied more carefullythe problem[B]the problem was more carefulnessly studied
[C]with more carefulness the problemcould be studied[D]the members study the problem more carefully
17***、Thecommittee recommends that the matter at the next meeting .
[A]would be discussed[B]willbe discussed[C]be discussed[D]may be discussed
18***、Thedoctor insisted that his patient .
[A]that he not work too hard for threemonths[B]take it easy for three months
C]takingit easy inside of three months[D]to take some vacations for threemonths
三、在expect,believe,think,suspect等動詞的否定或疑問形式後的賓語從句中的虛擬語氣
在expect,believe,think,suspect等動詞的否定或疑問形式後的賓語從句中,我們經常用“should+動詞原形***或完成形式***”,表示驚奇,懷疑,不滿等。
I never thought that heshould be such a brave young soldier. 我們從來沒想到他是個如此勇敢的小戰士。
練習:
1***thatthe time will soon be ripe for intervention in Iran,theywould be faced by a large army?
[A]It is believed[B]Shouldthey believe[C]They would believe[D]If they would believe
2***Ithink it advisable that he for Tokyo soon.
[A]will leave[B]mayleave[C]leave[D]leaves
四、would rather ,would sooner,had rather,would ***just***as soon ,would prefer之後的賓語從句中的虛擬語氣
would rather ,would sooner, had rather, would ***just***as soon,would prefer***希望***也用來表達主觀願望,它們之後的賓語從句中需用虛擬語氣。謂語動詞用過去式表示現在或將來,用過去完成式表示與過去事實相反。表示“寧願做什麼”或"對過去做的事的懊悔".
***1***、I would rather he cametomorrow than today.
***2***、John would rather thatshe had not gone to the party yesterday evening.
***3***、Don' t live in the world,Iwould rather*** I would just as soon*** you die.
***4***、I would rather you gotomorrow.
***5***、I would rathereverything hadn' t happened in the past.
***6***、The manager would ratherhis daughter did not work in the same office.經理寧願她女兒不與他在同一間辦公室工作。
***7***、To be frank,I'drather you were not involved in the case.坦率地說,我希望你不要捲入這件事。
***8***、You don't have to be insuch a hurry.I would rather you went on business first.你沒有必要這麼著急,我寧願你先去上班。
***9***、I'd rather you didn'tmake any comment on the issue for the time being.我倒希望你暫時先不要就此事發表意見。
***10***、Franklyspeaking ,I'd rather you didn't do anything about it for the time being.坦白地說,我寧願你現在對此事什麼也不要做。
***11***、Wouldn'tyou rather your child went to bed early?為什麼你不願讓你的孩子早點上床呢?
注:
①若某人願自己做某事,would rather後用動詞原形Iwould rather stay at home today.
②would rather.……than.……中用動詞原形Iwould rather stay at home than go out today.
五、“had hoped”後的賓語從句中的虛擬語氣
用“had hoped”表示原來希望做到而實際上未能實現的事情,其賓語從句的謂語用“would+動詞原形”。
I had hoped that shewould go to the U.S. and study there, but she said she liked to stay inChina.我原本希望她到美國去念書,但她說她喜歡留在中國。
第二節:主語從句中的虛擬語氣
一、“It is ***was***+形容詞***或過去分詞***+that……”結構中的虛擬語氣
在形如“It is ***was***+形容詞***或過去分詞***+that……”結構中,使用某些表示願望、建議、請求、命令、可能、適當、較好、迫切、緊近、重要等形容詞後的主語從句的謂語也用虛擬語氣。其表達形式為should +動詞原形或省略should直接用動詞原形***美國英語中省去should***
常用的形容詞:* natural ***自然的***,appropriate***適當的***,advisable ***合適的***,preferable ***更可取的***,better***更好的**** necessary ***必須的***,important ***重要的***,imperative***急需的***,urgent***急迫的***,essential ***本質的***,vital***必不可少的**** probable ***很可能的***,possible ***可能的****desirable ***極好的***advisable***合理的***,compulsory***必須的***,crucial***緊急的***,desirable***理想的***,essential***必要的***,imperative***迫切的***,incredible***驚人的***,necessary***必要的***,possible***可能的***,strange***奇怪的***,urgent***緊迫的***。
常用的過去分詞***Past Participle***:*required ***需要的***, demanded ***要求***, requested ***被請求的***,desired ***要求**** suggested ***建議***, recommended ***推薦****orderd ***命令***
1. It is necessary thatwe ***should 可省略,下同***have a walk now.***necessary,should + have******表示有需要去散步***
2.It was necessary thatwe ***should***make everything ready ahead of time.***necessary,should+ make******表示有必要事先做好準備***
3. It is required thatnobody ***should***smoke here.***required,should+ smoke******表示要求不要在此抽菸***
4. It is important thatevery pupil ***should***be able to understand therule of school.***important,should+ be******表示重要的是學生都能瞭解校規***
5. It's important thatwe ***should***take good care of the patient.***important,should+ take******表示重要的是照顧好病人***
6. It is natural thatshe should do so. ***形容詞natural,should+動詞原形do***
7.It is essential thatthese application forms be sent back as early as possible.這些申請表應儘早地寄回,這是很重要的。
8.It is vital thatenough money be collected to fund the project.重要的是募集足夠的錢,為這個專案提供資金。
9.It is desired that we***should***geteverything ready this evening.希望我們今晚一切都準備就緒。
注:在上述所列形容詞後面用that引出的賓語從句中,謂語動詞也要用虛擬語氣。
10.I don't think itadvisable that Tom be assigned to the job since he has no experience.湯姆缺乏經驗,指派他做這項工作我認為是不恰當的。
二、在Itis +名詞+that…的主語從句中的虛擬語氣
在It is +名詞+that的主語從句中,常用虛擬語氣,表示建議、命令、請求、道歉、懷疑、驚奇等。這類名詞有:advice ,decision ,desire,demand ,idea,motion ,order,pity,preference ,proposal,recommendation,requirement,resolution,shame,suggestion,surprise,wish,wonder等。⑴、It is my proposal that he be sent tostudy further abroad.我建議派他去國外進一步學習。
第三節:虛擬語氣用在表語從句或同位語從句中
當某些表示建議、請求、命令等主觀意向的名詞作主語時,其後的表語從句或同位語從句需用虛擬語氣,其表達形式為should +動詞原形或直接用動詞原形。這類名詞常見的有:demand ***要求***,desire ***請求***,requirment ***要求***advice ***勸告***,recommendation ***建議***,suggestion ***建議***order ***命令***necessity***必要地***,preference ***優先***proposal ***計劃***,plan***計劃***,idea ***辦法***,recommendation以及plan,idea,resolution等。
We are all for yourproposal that the discussion be put off.我們都贊成你提出的將討論延期的建議。
The suggestion that themayor present the prizes was accepted by everyone.由市長頒發獎金的建議被每個人接受。
⑴、The advice is that we ***should可省略,下同*** leave at once.***名詞advice,should+ leave******表示加以勸告***
⑵、My idea is that we ***should***getmore people to attend the conference. ***idea,should+ get******表示做出主意***
⑶、I make a proposal that we ***should***hold a meeting next week. ***proposal,should + hold******表示做出計劃***
⑷、The judge assented to the suggestionthat .
[A]both of the criminals will soon beset freedom[B]some of the criminals there are of guilt only
[C]the girl was to be paroled in thecustody of a welfare society[D]the prisoner be sentenced to death
成考英語學習建議
一、心態調整篇:成人英語學習更重要的是心態
英語學習本來就是一個持續的過程,成人學英語也是如此。也許你剛開始學習的時候效果並不是很理想,也許你每次和別人用英語對話的時候都會被嘲笑,但也不要放棄。不要不好意思,如果連英語都不敢說,又怎麼能開口說“我愛你”呢!
速恩外教在成人英語培訓方面有超過10年的經驗,我們的外教老師都是英語母語國家為主、經驗豐富的外教。我們不僅會根據成人的基礎量身定製課程,還在課程上設定了情景式模擬教學,讓你把學到的英語更好的運用起來。
二、方法篇:沒有學不好的英語,只要你方法找對。
速恩外教的老師在這裡給我們介紹了幾個英語學習的小貼士,不僅有趣還好用。
1、看美劇***這裡最好是中英雙語字母哦!***
美劇是我們英語學習的一個好方法,但是需要你手、腦、口並用。
手:看的時候拿一個筆記本,把不會的單詞記下來,查詢好並做記錄。
腦:眼睛看到的單詞,大腦裡也要過一遍。
口:跟著美劇裡的人物一起大聲的說,最好是模仿他們的語調,培養英語發音的韻律感。
ps:大家是想借著看美劇來學英語的,過程中可能會有些困難,但堅持一段時間後,你會發現效果真的好。
2、聽英文歌
開啟你的網易音樂,其中一定包含不少的英文歌吧,但是我們平時聽的是旋律,可能並沒有很好的注意其中的單詞和句型。聽英文歌曲的好處是既能陶冶情操、放鬆身心,又能學習英語、打通你英語聽力的任督二脈。外教老師表示在弄懂英文歌的單詞和語法重點後,可以學唱英文歌。等自己足夠的熟悉後,就可以一邊聽、一邊唱、還可以一邊默寫下來。
3、找外教學習
找外教學英語是個非常不錯的方法,這就等於你是生活在了語言環境中,學習速度和效率也將有很大的提升。如果外教老師是英語母語國家的就更好了,你還可以跟著練習自己的英語思維和思考能力,這對於你的英語學習來說將是一個質的提升。
本次整理就到這裡啦,祝大家在考試中能金榜題名!