被動語態的各種形式

  英語中有兩種語態:主動語態和被動語態。 語態是動詞的一種形式,用來說明主語和謂語之間的關係。接下來,小編給大家準備了,歡迎大家參考與借鑑。

  

  如果主語是動作的執行者,謂語用主動語態,如“We clean the room every day.”;如果主語是動作的承受者,或者說是動作的物件,謂語則是要用被動語態,如“The room is cleaned every day.”

  :

  1 am/is/are +done

  I’m asked to take care of myself.

  Football is played all over the world.

  2 has /have been done

  This book has been translated into many foreign languages.

  The prices of many goods have been cut again .

  3 am/is /are being done

  A road is being built around the mountain.

  Many new houses are being built in this city.

  4 was/were done

  This house was built in 1958.

  His leg was broken in an accident.

  5 had been done

  A new school had been set up by the end of last year.

  When the anthem1 had been played the conference2 began.

  6 was/were being done

  The meeting was being held when I was there.

  We were being trained this time last year.

  7 shall/will be done

  More factories will be built in our city.

  He will be taken to hospital tomorrow.

  8 shall/will have been done

  The project will have been completed before July.

  Your clothes shall have been made for you soon.

  9 should/would be done

  He told me that his new cloths would be made by his mother.

  10 should/would have been done

  He told me that his new clothes would have been made very soon.

  擴充套件:常見的被動結構

  1、SVO句型的被動結構

  SVO句型中的謂語為單賓及物動詞,其被動結構是:S + V被動式 + by短語。例如:

  He wrote1 the book two years ago. → The book was2 written by him two years ago. 這本書是他在兩年前寫的。

  They are cleaning the house. → The house is being3 cleaned by them. 房子正在被他們打掃。

  You’re wanted on the phone. 有你的電話。

  2、SVoO句型的被動結構

  SVoO句型中的謂語動詞為雙賓及物動詞,其被動結構是:S + V被動式 + O/o保留賓語 + by短語。

  需要說明的是,一般把間接賓語表示人作為被動句的主語,而把直接賓語表示物作為保留賓語。如果把直接賓語作為被動句的主語,則間接賓語作為保留賓語,它的前面通常要用介詞to或for視動詞而定。例如:

  My aunt gave4 me an apple. → I was given5 an apple. / An apple was given to me. 有人給了我一隻蘋果。[被動句中省略了by my aunt。]

  His mother bought him a new coat. → He was bought a new coat. / A new coat was bought for him. 有人給他買了一件新大衣。[被動句中省略了by his mother。]

  3、SVOC句型的被動結構

  SVOC句型中的謂語動詞為復賓及物動詞,其被動結構是:S + V被動式 + C主語補足語 + by短語[1]。例如:

  People usually call me Jim for short. → I am usually called Jim for short. 我常常被人直呼吉姆。

  They asked Mike to write soon. → Mike was asked to write soon. 邁克被要求儘快寫信。

  He made6 the baby laugh. → The baby was made to laugh by him. 那個嬰兒被他逗笑了。[請比較前後兩句中的劃線單詞,被動句中需要加上to。]

  在被動句中作主語補足語的不定式一律要帶to,不論其作賓語補足語時是否帶to請見以上各例句。

  4、短語動詞的被動結構

  短語動詞的被動結構是:S + V被動式 + 介詞/副詞 + by短語。例如:

  We have sent for a doctor. → A doctor has been sent for. 已經派人去請醫生了。

  I turned off7 the radio just now. → The radio was turned off just now. 收音機剛才被關掉了。

  They are taking good care8 of the children. → The children are being taken good care of. 孩子們正在受到良好的照顧。

  在將含有短語動詞的主動句轉換成被動句時,原短語動詞中的介詞或副詞如以上句中的for, off, of不能遺漏。

  5、帶情態動詞的被動結構

  帶情態動詞的被動結構是:S + V情態動詞+主要動詞的被動式 + by短語。例如:

  You must do it at once. → It must be done at once. 這件事必須立即做。

  We can see the park from the window. → The park can be seen9 from the window. 公園可以從窗戶那裡看到。