卡多佐

陳獨秀(1879～1942年)

Chen Duxiu，亦拼作Ch'en Tu-hsiu。

中國政治與思想界的領導者，中國共產黨創始人。陳獨秀年輕時曾留學日本，並在中國出版顛覆性的刊物，但旋遭政府取締。中華民國肇建後，陳獨秀於1915年創辦月刊《青年雜誌》，後改名為《新青年》。他在刊物上鼓吹中國青年應從智識與文化方面來讓國家重獲新生。魯迅、胡適和毛澤東都曾在此刊物上發表文章。西元1917年，陳獨秀被任命為北京大學文學院院長。西元1919年，他因為在五四運動中扮演積極角色而短暫入獄。在獲釋後，他投向馬克思主義，並與李大釗於西元1920年建立中國共產黨，因而被視為「中國的列寧」。當共產黨與中國國民黨的結盟宣告破裂後，共產國際撤除陳獨秀作為黨領導人的職位，並於1929年革除其黨籍。陳獨秀於1932年被捕，渡過了五年的牢獄歲月。

English version：

1879～1942年

Chen Duxiu

Chinese political and intellectual leader,cofounder of the Chinese Communist Party. As a young man,Chen studied in Japan. In China,he started subversive periodicals that were quickly suppressed by the government. In 1915,after the establishment of the Chinese Republic,he created the monthly Qingnian zazhi (“Youth Magazine”),renamed Xin qingnian (“New Youth”),in which he proposed that the youth of China rejuvenate the nation intellectually and culturally; Lu Xun,Hu Shi,and Mao Zedong were all contributors. In 1917 Chen was appointed dean of the School of Letters at Beijing University. In 1919 he was imprisoned briefly for his role in the May Fourth Movement; on his release he became a Marxist. With Li Dazhao he founded the Chinese Communist Party in 1920; he is regarded as “China's Lenin.” The Communist International had him removed as party leader when the party's alliance with the Nationalists (Guomindang) fell apart,and he was expelled from the party in 1929. Arrested in 1932,he spent five years in prison.

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