菊目

阿爾及爾(Algiers)

法語作Alger

阿爾及利亞首都和主要海港（1995年人口約2,168,000），位於阿爾及爾灣（Bay of Algiers）。是腓尼基人作為其眾多的北非殖民地之一建立起的。後被羅馬人統治。5世紀時被汪達爾人摧毀，10世紀時被柏柏爾人王朝恢復。16世紀初受到西班牙的威脅，當地的酋長請求兩位土耳其海盜把西班牙人趕走，其中一位巴爾巴羅薩（Barbarossa）趕走了西班牙人，並把阿爾及爾置於鄂圖曼蘇丹統轄之下。他的努力使阿爾及爾在此後的三百年間變成了巴貝里海岸（Barbary Coast）海盜的主要基地。他們的活動一直到1818年才被第開特（Stephen Decatur）領導的美國勢力削弱。1830年法國佔領該城，把它變成了其在北非和西非的殖民帝國的軍事和政治指揮部。第二次世界大戰期間，阿爾及爾成了盟軍在北非的指揮部，一度還是法國臨時首都。在1950年代，阿爾及利亞獨立戰爭時，這座首都城市就成了鬥爭的焦點。獨立後，阿爾及爾成為全國的政治、經濟和文化中心。

English version：

Algiers

City (pop.,1995 est.: 2,000),chief seaport,and capital of Algeria. Located along the Bay of Algiers,and first settled by Phoenicians,it was later ruled by the Romans. It was destroyed by the Vandals in the 5th century AD but revived under a Berber dynasty in the 10th century. When the Spanish threatened it in the early 16th century,the emir appealed to Barbarossa,who expelled the Spanish and placed Algiers under the Ottoman sultanate. Algiers became the major base for the Barbary Coast pirates for 300 years; their activities were finally curtailed in 1818 by an American force led by Stephen Decatur. The French took the city in 1830 and made it headquarters for their African colonial empire. In World War II,it became the Allied headquarters in northern Africa and for a time the provisional capital of France. In the 1950s it was the focal point in the drive for Algeria's independence; after independence,Algiers grew as the country's political,economic,and cultural center.

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