省略句在英語中的型別和用法***2***

  3.賓語從句中的省略

  1***在及物動詞後面所接的賓語從句中,連詞that 一般可以省略;但如果及物動詞後面是由that引導的兩個或兩個以上的並列的賓語從句 ,那麼只有第一個that可以省略。如:

  a*** I think ***that*** the reform of the renminbi's exchange rate is necessary. 我認為人民幣兌換率的改革是必要的。

  b*** He said ***that***the Anti-secession law had been passed and that President Hu Jintao had signed a presidential order 他說《 反分裂國家法》已被通過,而且胡錦濤主席已簽署了主席令。

  2***由 which , when ,where , how,和 why 引導的 賓語從句,可以全部或部分省略。如:

  a*** I know that NBA star Yao Ming will come to our city but I don’t know when ***he will come to our city***.我知道NBA明星要到我們城市來但我不知道他什麼時候來。

  b*** He wants to move abroad but his parents wonders why ***he wants to move abroad***他想搬遷到國外但他的父母想知道為什麼。

  4.在與suggest ,request ,order ,advise 等詞相關的名詞性從句中,須用虛擬語氣形式“should +動詞原形”,should可以省略。如:

  Chirac, President of the Republic of France suggested that the China-France Culture Year ***should*** last long in various forms.法國總統希拉剋建議中法文化年以各種各樣的形式長期持續。

  5.主句省略多用於句首。如:

  ***It is a *** Pity that I didn’t go to Mary's birthday party yesterday.很遺憾,我昨天沒有去參加瑪麗的生日聚會。

  6.在答語中,主句可全部省略。如:

  —Why were you absent from school last Friday ?—***I was absent from school***Because my mother was ill. —上週五你為什麼沒有上學? —因為我媽媽病了。

  三、簡單句中的省略

  1.省略主語

  1***祈使句中的主語通常被省略 如:

  ***You*** Open the door, please. 請開一下門。

  2*** 其它省略主語多限於現成的說法 如:

  a*** ***I*** Thank you for your help 謝謝你的幫助。

  b*** ***It***Doesn’t matter.沒關係。

  2.省略主謂語或主謂語的一部分 如:

  a*** ***There is*** No smoking. 禁止抽菸

  b*** ***Is there***anything else ? 還有其他事嗎 ?

  c*** ***You come***This way please.請這邊走。

  d*** ***Will you*** Have a smoke ? 抽菸嗎 ?

  3.省略賓語 如:

  —Do you know Mr. Li ? 你認識李先生嗎?— I don’t know ***him.*** 我不認識他

  4.省略表語 如:

  —Are you thirsty ? 你30歲了嗎? Yes , I am ***thirsty***. 是的,我是。

  5.同時省略幾個成分 如:

  a*** —Are you feeling better now? 你覺得好些了嗎 ?—***I am feeling *** Much better ***now*** 好多了。

  b*** ***I wish*** Good luck ***to you*** .祝你好運/祝你順利。

  四、動詞不定式省略,只保留to 的場合

  1.不定式作某些動詞的賓語時,這些動詞常見的有:love, like, care, wish, hope, expect, prefer, refuse, mean , try , oblige , advise , persuade , agree , want , afford , forget , remember , try , manage等。如:

  a***— You should have thanked her before you left . —I meant to ,but when I was leaving I couldn’t find her anywhere.—你本該在離開前謝謝她。—我本打算這麼做,但當我就要離開的時候我卻找不到她了。***2000上海春***

  b*** You can do it this way if you like to .如果你想做,你可以這麼做。

  2.不定式作某些動詞的賓語補足語或主語補足語時,這些動詞常見的有:ask , tell ,advise, force, persuade, wish, allow, permit , forbid ,expect, order ,warn 等。如 :

  a*** The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street ,but his mother told him not to. 男孩想在街上騎他的自行車,但他母親不讓。***NMET1995***

  b*** She wants to come but her parents won’t allow her to ***come***. 她想來,可是她父母不讓。

  3.不定式在句中作某些形容詞的狀語時,常見的形容詞有:happy, glad ,eager , anxious , willing , ready 等。如:

  — I will be away on a business trip .Could you mind looking after my cat ?   — Not at all.I would be happy to ***look after your cat***. —我要出差,你能幫我照顧一下我的貓嗎?—沒關係,我很願意。

  4.不定式作某些複合謂語時,常見結構如:be able to, be going to, have to, ought to, used to等。如:

  He doesn’t like fish but he used to 他現在不喜歡吃魚,但過去喜歡。

  五、動詞不定式to 的省略

  1.主語部分有to do ,系動詞 is 或 was 時 ,作表語的不定式通常省去to。如:

  The only thing you have to do is press the button.你必須做的惟一事情是按按鈕。

  2.作介詞but ,expect ,besides 的賓語,前面又有實意動詞 do時,不定式通常省去to. 如:

  He said that Chen Shuibian had nothing to do except push a pro-“independence” timetable.他說陳水扁除了推進支援“獨立”的時間表外,什麼也沒有做。

  3.主語部分暗含to do,表語中的不定式通常省去to。如:

  All I want ***to do*** is go to school and study hard .我想要***做***的就是上學,努力學習。

  4.當兩個或多個不定式並列時,其後的不定式符號可以省略,但有對比關係時不可省略。如:

  It is easier to say than to do . 說起來容易,做起來難。

  5.在would rather…than… 等結構中,不定式符號常常要省略. 如:

  I would rather stay at home than go to see a film.我寧願呆在家也不願去看電影。

  6.在see ,watch ,notice ,hear, listen to ,look at ,feel ,have, make, let ,observe 等詞後作賓語補足語時省略不定式符號to;why ***not*** do 結構 中, 不定式不帶to。如:

  a*** I saw her enter the room. 我看見她進入了房間

  b*** Why not join us ?為什麼不加入到我們的行列裡來呢?

  六.其他一些省略結構

  1.名詞所有格修飾的名詞,若表示住宅、店鋪、教堂或上下文已暗示或明確指出過的事物時,常常可以省略。如:

  We spent the weekend at the Mary's. 我們在瑪麗家過的週末。

  2.What和 how引導的感嘆句中,常可省略主語 it 和be動詞 如:

  a*** What a wonderful victory ***it is *** for Tom ! 這對Tom來說是個多麼大的勝利呀!

  b*** How beautiful ***it is *** to be treated like a normal child. 被當作一個正常孩子對待對他而言是多麼美妙的一件事呀。