關於茶文化的英語美文
茶作為一種飲品,發起於神農氏時期,重聞於周公旦,發揚於宋唐時期,推廣於明清,它的地位出一種生活實用食物進化為人們拿它品賞並體會意境,到現在為止,有三千年的歷史。本文是，希望對大家有幫助!
：History of Chinese Tea
Chinese tea consists of tea leaves which have been processed using methods inherited from China.
According to popular legend, tea was discovered by Chinese Emperor Shennong Shen Nung, Shen Nong, The Yan Emperor, The Emperor of the five grains in 2737 BC when a leaf from a Camilla sinensis tree fell into water the emperor was boiling. Not everyone agrees on the origin, but no one disputes that tea is deeply woven into the history and culture of China. The beverage is considered one of the seven necessities of Chinese life, along with firewood, rice, oil, salt, sauce and vinegar.
Some writers classify tea into four categories, green, white, black and oolong. Others add categories for red, scented and compressed teas. All of these come from varieties of the Camilla sinensis plant. Chinese flower tea 花茶, while popular, is not a true tea. Most Chinese tea is consumed in China and is not exported. Green tea is the most popular type of tea used in China.
Within these main categories of tea are vast varieties of individual beverages. Some researchers have counted more than 700. Others put the number at more than 1,000. Some of the variations are due to different strains of the Camilla plant. The popular Tie Guan Yin 鐵觀音, for example, is traced back to a single plant discovered in Anxi 安溪 in the Fujian province. Other teas draw some of their characteristics from local growing conditions. The largest factor in the wide variations comes from differences in processing after the tea is harvested. White and green teas are cooked soon after picking to prevent oxidization, often called fermentation, caused by natural enzymes in the leaves. Oolong teas are partially oxidized. Black and red teas are fully oxidized. Other differences come from variations in the processing steps.
Chinese Tea History
Tea Camellia sinensis is native to China. The ancient Chinese used them for medical purposes, then developed the infusion we know as tea; to this day tea is said to purge the digestive system of 'toxins'. Later the Chinese learned to grow tea plants and use their leaves to make various types of tea.
Many different types of tea were grown during each of the dynasties in China.
The Tang Dynasty
A list of the differing grades of tea grown in the Tang Dynasty:
Premier Grade Tea: Xiazhou, Guangzhou, Huzhou, Yuezhou, Pengzhou.
Second Grade Tea: Jingzhou, Ranzhou, Changzhou, Mingzhou.
Third Grade Tea: Shouzhou, Hangzhou, Muzhou, Hengzhou, Taizhou, Xuanzhou, Yiazhou, Luzhou.
Fourth Grade Tea: Jinzhou, Lianzhou, Huangzhou, Sozhou, Yunzhou, Hanzhou, Meizhou.
Tea dates back to the West Zhou Period in ancient China, when the Chinese used tea as offerings. Since then, tea leaves have been eaten as vegetables, used as medicine, and, since the Han dynasty, infused in boiling water, the new drink making tea into a major commodity. There are many different kinds of tea. The three basic categories are non-oxidised green tea, semi-oxidised oolong tea, and fully oxidised black tea. All true teas are usually made from the same type of plant, “Camellia Sinensis”, although some teas are flavored with other plants and flowers.
Tea is made through a very long and delicate procedure where young tea leaves are picked, steamed or pan fried, then dried and sifted, and finally distributed to wherever they need to go. The flavor of tea varies depending on how it is prepared.
Many people drink tea because of its health advantages. Tea promotes in occasions digestion[citation needed], is rich in vitamins, and brings a feeling of relaxation when you drink it.
The Song Dynasty
Tea was an important crop during the Song Dynasty. Tea farms covered 242 counties. This included expensive tribute tea; tea from Zhejiang and Fujian provinces, where some was exported to Southeast Asian and the Arab countries.
In the Song Dynasty, tea started to be pressed into tea cake, some embossed with patterns of the dragon and the Phoenix and was called exotic names including:
Large Dragon tea cake, Small Dragon tea cake, Surpass Snow Dragon ball cake, Fine Silver Sprout, Cloud Leaf, Gold Money, Jade Flower, Inch of Gold, Longevity Sprout, Eternal Spring Jade Leave, Dragon in the Clouds, Longevity Dragon Sprout, Dragon Phoenix and Flower, Eternal Spring Silver Sprout.
The Ming Dynasty
Ming dynasty scholar 文震亨 Wen Zhenheng's book 長物志 Zhang Wu Zhi On Superfluous Things chapter 12 contains description of several famous Ming dynasty teas:
Tiger Hill Tea and Heaven Pool Tea
During this time Tiger Hill Tea was purportedly developed as still the finest tea in the world, however, the production quantity was rather small, and growing is regulated by the Chinese government. Some, however, consider its taste to be second to Heaven Pool tea. Zhen Heng.
Jie Tea
Jie Tea from Chang Xing of Zhejiang is superb and highly regarded, though rather expensive.
Those from Jing Qi find it is slightly inferior.
NB: "Jie" is the short hame for "Luo Jie". Luo Jie was the name of a mountain bordering Zhejiang and Jing Qi in the Ming dynasty, where "jie"-- meant boundary. Chang Xin was south of Luo Jie mountain, Jing Qi was north of Luo Jie. Chang Xin retains its name till today.
Luo Jie tea from Gu Chu mountain in Chang Xing county in Zhejiang was also known as Gu Chu Voilet Shoot. Gu Chu Voilet Shoot had been imperial tribute tea since the Tang dynasty for nearly nine hundred years until the middle of the Qin dynasty. Gu Chu Voilet Shoot was revived again in the seventies as a top grade tea in China.
NB. Jin Qi is now called Yi Xin township. Jin Qi tea was also known as Yang Xian tea. Ruo Leaves are leaves from Indocalamus tessellatus bamboo. The leaf is about 45 cm long.
Liu An Tea
"Liu An" tea is used for Chinese medicine, although if it is not baked right, it cannot let out its aroma and has a bitter taste. The inherent quality of this tea is actually quite good. Wen Zhenheng
Note: Liu An is a county in Anhui. Liu An tea is still produced from Liu An county in Anhui province in China. The Liu An tea from the Bat Cave of Jin Zai county is of superior quality, as thousand of bats in the cave can provide an ideal fertilizer for the tea plants.
Song Luo Tea
Song Luo tea is manufactured at Song Luo mountain located north of Xiu Ning township in An Hui proovince in China. The tea farms are scattered between a height of six to seven hundred meters on the mountain.
There is no real Song Luo tea outside an area of a dozen mu* and only one or two families possess the refined skill to prepare Song Luo tea. Recently the tea hand-baked by mountain monks is even better.
Genuine Song Luo tea is produced at the foot of the Dong Shan Cave Hill and on top of the Tian Chi Heaven Pool, highly treasured by people in Xin An county. It is also a favourite for the people of Nan Du and Qu Zong counties, due to its ease in brewing and intense aroma.
One mu = 667 square meter.
Dragon Well Tea and Eyes on Heaven Tea
Long Jing and Tian Mu may match Heaven Pool tea due to the weather in their growing regions. Because the cold season comes earlier to the mountains, there is abundant snow in the winter, hence the tea plants germinate later. [Wen Zhenheng]
Long Jing tea is manufactured in the West Lake district in Hangzhou city, China. There is a Longjing Dragon Well on the Feng Huang mountain. Tian Mu mountain is located in Lin An county in the north west of Zhejiang province. There are two 1500-meter peaks, each with a pond on top filled with crystal clear water looking like an eye, hence the name of Eyes on Heaven.
：冰紅茶Iced tea
It takes both rain and sunshine to create a rainbow. Lives are no different.
雨和太陽共同創造了彩虹，我們的生活也是如此。
There is happiness and sorrow. There is the good and the bad; dark and bright spots duanwenw .If we can handle adversity, it only strengthens us. We cannot control all the events that happen in our lives, but we can decide how we deal with them.
它包含了幸福與痛苦、正面與負面，黑暗與光明。假如我們能夠戰勝困境，這反而會增強我們的能力。因為我們不能控制生活中所發生的事情，但卻可以決定怎樣處理。
Richard Blechnyden wanted to promote Indian tea in the St. Louis World Fair in 1904. It was very hot and no one wanted to sample his tea. Blechnyden saw that all the other iced drinks were doing flourishing business. It dawned on him to make his tea into an iced drink, mix in sugar and sell it. He did and people loved it. That was the introduction of iced tea to the world.
1904年，理查德.布萊尼可頓在聖.路易斯世界商品集市上推廣印度的茶葉。英語短文但當時天氣很熱，沒人願意品嚐他的茶。布萊克尼頓看到其它冰鎮飲料都生意紅火，於是想到一個主意-他可以將茶做成冷飲，加上糖再出售。他這樣做了，並因此受到了人們的歡迎，於是冰紅茶就這樣問世了。
When things go wrong ,as they sometimes will, we can react responsibly or resentfully.
事情總會有不順利的時候，我們可以選擇積極地迴應或消極地憤憤不平.
Human beings are not like an acorn which has no choice. duanwenw An acorn cannot decide whether to become a giant tree or to become food for squirrels. Human beings have choices. If nature gives us a lemon, we have a choice: either cry for grace or make lemonade.
人類不同於沒有選擇的橡樹果。一顆橡樹果不能決定自己是長成一棵參天大樹，還是成為松鼠的食物。而人類是可以選擇的。
It's just the same with the financial storm. The crisis is like a lemon, now we have a choice: either cry for bitterness or weather the storm with confidence and courage.
如果大自然給予我們一顆檸檬，那麼我們既可以選擇哭泣，也可以選擇將其做成檸檬汁。
：中國茶文化 Chinese tea culture
In China , tea has a very long history and has formed the Chinese tea culture. At the same time, tea is beneficial to our health, thus it is well received by many people. Chinese tea culture is both extensive and profound, which not only contains the level of material culture, but also includes a deep level of spiritual civilization. Referring to Chinese tea, we can trace it back to ancient times, which flourished in the Tang and Song Dynasties, Since then, the spirit of tea has penetrated into the court and society, going deep into Chinese poetry, painting, calligraphy , religion and medicine. For thousands of years, China has accumulated a great deal of culture in tea cultivation and production, moreover, enriching the spiritual culture of tea.
在中國，茶具有非常悠久的歷史，並且已經形成了中國茶文化。與此同時，茶有益於我們的健康，因此受到許多人的喜愛。中國茶文化博大精深，不但包含物質文化層面，還包含深厚的精神文明層面。談到中國的茶葉。可以追溯到遠古時代，它是從唐代與宋代興盛起來的。從此茶的精神滲透到了宮廷和社會，深入到中國的詩詞、繪畫、書法、宗教和醫學。幾千年來，中國積累了大量關於茶葉種植、生產的物質文化，而且豐富了有關茶的精神文化。