在英語裡什麼是同位語
同位語,代表一個名詞***或其它形式***對另一個名詞或代詞進行修飾,限定或說明。同位語與被它限定的詞的格要一致,並常常緊挨在一起。
例句
⒈由兩個或兩個以上同一層次的語言單位組成的結構,其中前項與後項所指相同,句法功能也相同,後項是前項的同位語。
Mr. Smith,our new teacher,is very kind to us.
我們的新老師史密斯先生對我們很好。
our new teacher是主詞Mr. Smith的同位語,指同一人。
Yesterday I met Tom,a friend of my brother's.
昨天我遇到了我弟弟的朋友湯姆。
a friend of my brother's是受詞Tom的同位語,指同一人。
⒉如同位語與其同位成分關係緊密時不用逗點隔開;如同位語對其同位成分只作補充解釋時可用逗點隔開。
He himself told me that his brother John is a world-famous doctor.
他本人對我講,他的兄長約翰是一位世界聞名的醫生。
himself和John都是單一的字作同位語,與其同位成分之間不用逗點隔開。
Yesterday I talked to my English teacher,Mr. James.
昨天我與我的英語老師詹姆斯先生談過了。
同位語Mr. James補充解釋my English teacher,同位語與其同位成分之間可用逗點隔開。
⒊同位語除表示其同位成分的全部意義外,還可以表示部分意義。
We Chinese people are brave and hardworking.
我們中國人民是勤勞勇敢的。
He is interested in sports,especially ball games.
他喜歡運動,特別是球類運動。
同位從句一般跟在某些名詞如answer***答案***,hope***希望***,fact***事實***,belief ***信 仰***,news***訊息***,idea***主意;觀念***,promise***承諾***,information***資訊***,conclusion***結論***,order***命令***, suggestion***建議***,problem***問題***,thought ***想法***等後面。例如:He always works hard even if he knows the fact that he is not in good health. His failure was due to the fact that he had not practised for a long time. I had no idea that you were here. She told us her hope that she would become a pianist. He made a promise that he would never come late. 注意:that 既可引導同位語從句又可引導定語從句,其區別在於:同位語從句由連線詞that引導,連線詞that本身無意義,在同位語從句中不充當任何成分,不可省略,不可以用其他詞替代;定語從句由關係代詞that引導,關係代詞that在從句中充當一定的成分,作賓語時可省略,由when,why,where引導的 同位語從句和定語從句的區別在於:同位語從句由連線副詞只起連線作用,沒有指代作用; 定語從句由關係副詞引導,關係副詞具有指代先行詞的作用,常用一個介詞加關係代詞替換。例如:I will never forget the day when we first met. ***定語從句,when關係副詞*** That is the special day ***which/that*** I will never forget. ***定語從句,which/that為關係代詞*** This is the house where we lived fifteen years ago. ***定語從句,where為關係副詞*** This is the house which we sold fifteen years ago. ***定語從句,which為關係代詞***