捷克共和國

柏格曼(1918年～)

Bergman,(Ernest) Ingmar

瑞典電影劇作家、導演。為路德派牧師之子，叛逆成性。在1945年獲得機會自編自導拍攝了第一部電影《危機》之前，他在電影院裡工作。之後藉由《夏夜的微笑》（1955）、《第七封印》（1956）、《野草莓》（1957）等片贏得國際聲譽。他建立了一群演員班底，包括麥斯.馮.席鐸、麗芙烏曼，並僱用攝影師尼奎斯特。影片通常以淒涼的描述呈現人類的孤寂感，極具震撼力，如《穿過黑暗的玻璃》（Through a Glass Darkly,1961）、《假面》（Persona,1966）、《哭泣與耳語》（Cries and Whispers,1972）、《婚姻情景》（Scenes from a Marriage,1973）和《秋光奏鳴曲》（Autumn Sonata,1978）、《芬妮與亞歷山大》（Fanny and Alexander,1982）。後來還寫了兩部劇本《善意的背叛》（The Best Intentions,1992）、《私密告解》（Private Confessions,1996）。柏格曼仍繼續導演舞臺作品，通常在斯德哥爾摩的皇家劇院上演。

English version：

1918年～

Bergman,(Ernest) Ingmar

Swedish film writer-director. The rebellious son of a Lutheran pastor,he worked in the theater before directing his first film,Crisis (1945). He won a reputation as one of the world's great filmmakers with Smiles of a Summer Night (1955),The Seventh Seal (1956),and Wild Strawberries (1957). He assembled a group of actors,including Max von Sydow and Liv Ullmann,and a cinematographer,Sven Nykvist,with whom he made powerful films often marked by bleak depictions of human loneliness,including Through a Glass Darkly (1961),Persona (1966),Cries and Whispers (1972),Scenes from a Marriage (1973),Autumn Sonata (1978),and Fanny and Alexander (1982). He later wrote screenplays for The Best Intentions (1992) and Private Confessions (1996). Throughout his career Bergman has continued to direct stage productions,usually at Stockholm's Royal Dramatic Theater.