生態學

埃及藝術(Egyptian art)

西元前3000～西元前1000年的埃及王朝時期，在埃及與努比亞的尼羅河流域所產生的古代建築、雕刻、繪畫和裝飾工藝品。埃及藝術比其他任何一種藝術更是有權者的宣傳利器，使社會現存的結構得以持續不斷。很大一部分藝術品是由古墓儲存下來的。埃及藝術的發展歷程大致與國家的政治歷史平行並進，分為三個時期：古王國時期（西元前2700年～西元前2150?年）、中王國時期（西元前2000～西元前1670?年）、新王國時期（西元前1550～西元前1070年）。古王國的石墓與神廟都以色彩鮮明的浮雕裝飾，生動而真實地描繪人民的日常生活；對人像的繪製已有規定，標明正確的比例、姿態及細節的配置，通常均與所闡釋主體的社會地位有關。古王國末期藝術品質衰退，中王國時期政治情況稍為穩定，藝術隨之復興，特別值得注意的是國王們的雕像，浮雕及繪畫都臻於高水準的藝術境界。新王國時期藝術進入百花齊放期，巨型花崗岩人像及牆上的浮雕為統治者與眾神歌功頌德；繪畫成為獨立的藝術，裝飾的手工藝品達於新高峰，圖坦卡門（Tutankhamen）的陵墓所發現的寶藏，是各種奢侈藝術品的典型。

English version：

Egyptian art

Ancient sculptures,paintings,and decorative crafts produced in the dynastic periods of the 3rd-1st millennia BC in the Nile Valley of Egypt and Nubia. Egyptian art served those in power as a forceful propaganda instrument that perpetuated the existing framework of society. Much of what has survived is associated with ancient tombs. The course of art in Egypt paralleled the country's political history and is divided into three periods: Old Kingdom (c. 2700-c. 2150 BC),Middle Kingdom (c. 2000-c. 1670 BC),and New Kingdom (c. 1550-c. 1070 BC). The Old Kingdom's stone tombs and temples were decorated with vigorous and brightly painted reliefs illustrating the daily life of the people. Rules for portraying the human figure were established,specifying proportions,postures,and placement of details,often linked to the subjects' social standing. An artistic decline at the end of the Old Kingdom led to a revival in the more stable political climate of the Middle Kingdom,notable for its expressive portrait sculptures of kings and its excellent relief sculptures and painting. The New Kingdom brought a magnificent flowering of the arts; great granite statues and wall reliefs glorified rulers and gods,painting became an independent art,and the decorative crafts reached new peaks,the treasure of Tutankhamen's tomb typifying the variety of luxury items created. See also Egyptian architecture.