直接引語與間接引語

　　大家的英語語法怎麼樣呢?小編接下來會跟大家介紹一些這個英語語法，接下來，小編給大家準備了,歡迎大家參考與借鑑。

　　

　　定義：

　　直接引語：直接引用別人的原話，並在原話前後加引號。

　　例：He said1:" It is too late."

　　間接引語：用自己的話轉述別人的話，多數以賓語從句的形式構成。

　　例：He said it was2 too late.

　　相互轉化時應注意的問題

　　第一：人稱的變化。

　　主語為第一人稱的直接引語，變間接引語時，人稱要做相應調整。

　　例如：

　　直接引語 She said:" I am hungry."

　　間接引語 She said she was hungry.

　　直接引語 Mum said to me:" You must clean your bedroom by yourself3."

　　間接引語 Mum told me that I had4 to clean my bedroom by myself5.

　　第二：時態變化

　　直接引語變間接引語時，間接引語的時態要與主句的時態一致。其規律如下圖。

　　注意：

　　1.直接引語為客觀真理時，間接引語時態不變，仍用一般現在時。

　　例如：Teacher told us:" The moon moves round the earth6."

　　Teacher told us the moon moves round the earth.

　　2.直接引語為一般過去時並且與具體時間狀語連用時，間接引語仍用一般過去時。

　　例如：She said:" I went to England in 1998."

　　She said she went to England in 1998.

　　3.主句為一般現在時或一般將來時的時候，間接引語時態不變。

　　He says:" I bought you a book yesterday."

　　He says that he bought me a book yesterday.

　　第三：指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語和動詞的變化。

　　第四：句式上的變化

　　1.陳述句變間接引語時，用that連線。

　　如：She said:" I am a girl."

　　She said that she was a girl. that可以省略

　　2.一般疑問句，選擇疑問句和反意疑問句變間接引語時，要用陳述語氣，並要加連詞if或whether。

　　例如：She asked me:" Are you Mr. Li?"

　　She asked me if I was Mr. Li.

　　She asked us:" Do you want to go on a picnic?"

　　She asked us if we wanted to go on a picnic.

　　3.特殊疑問句變間接引語要用特殊疑問詞引導。

　　例如："How much have we spent on petrol7 this year," Susan asked her husband8.

　　Susan asked her husband how much they had spent on petrol that year.

　　4.祈使句變間接引語，一改二變三加四去。

　　一改：said to 改為asked或told, ordered等

　　二變：said to 的賓語或呼語變為asked等的賓語

　　三加：即在動詞原形前加to，使成為動詞不定式

　　四去：去掉please

　　例：He said to her:" Don't take the book away."

　　He asked her not take the book away.

　　5.感嘆句變為間接引語

　　"What awful9 weather it is!" she said.

　　She complained10 about the awful weather.

　　"What a bright girl you are." He said to me.

　　He praised11 me that I was a bright girl.
 

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