英語直接引語和間接引語用法
在英語的學習中，有很多的關於語法的知識點，下面的小編將為大家帶來關於直接引語和間接引語的用法介紹，希望能夠幫助到大家。
介紹
一、概述
引用或轉述別人說的話時有兩種方法：直接引述別人的原話，這叫做直接引語***direct speech***。用自己的話轉述別人的話，叫間接引語***indirect speech***。一般地講，直接引語前後要加引號，間接引語不用引號，而用賓語從句來表達。
Mr. Black said, “I'm busy.”佈菜克先生說：“我很忙”。***直接引語***
Mr. Black said that he was busy.佈菜克先生說他很忙。***賓語從句是間接引語***
從上例看來，直接引語改為間接引語時,除將直接引語改為賓語從句之外，還須對直接引語中的人稱和時態進行相應的變化，如上例直接引語中的I改成了he, am則改成了was。現將由直接引語改為間接引語時應注意的問題,分述如下：
二、直接引語是陳述句時
直接引語如果是陳述句，變為間接引語時，用連詞that引導***that在口語中常省去***，that從句之前用say、tell等動詞，從句中的人稱、時態、指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語等要作相應的變化。
1、人稱的變化
直接引語改為間接引語人稱要相應的變化，把直接引語中的第一人稱***如：I，me，my，mine，we，us，our，ours***變為與主句的主語相一致的人稱。把直接引語中的第二人稱***you，your，yours***變為和主句的間接賓語***即聽話人，如無聽話人，可根據上下文的體會人為確定一個人稱***相一致的人稱。直接引語中的第三人稱***he，him，his，she，her，hers,it，its,they,their，theirs，them***變為間接引語時，人稱不變。
He said , “I like it very much.” 他說：“我非常喜歡它”。
→He said that he liked it very much. 他說他非常喜歡它。***I改為he, it不變***
He said, “You told me this story.”他說：“你給我講過這個故事。”
→He said that I had told him that story.他說我給他講過那個故事。***You改為I, me改為him, told改為had told***
He said to me, “She's left her book in your room”.他對我說：“她把書放在你的房間裡去了。”
He told me that she had left her book in my room. 他對我說她把書放在我的房間裡去了。***She's→she had， her不變，your→my***
2、 時態的變化
***1***主句的謂語動詞是一般過去時
| > | > |
| > | > |
| > | > |
| > | > |
| > | > |
| > | > |
| > | > |
| > | > |
| > | > |
如主句的謂語動詞是一般過去時，直接引語變間接引語時，從句的謂語動詞在時態方面要作相應的變化。直接引語改為間接引語時,動詞時態相應變化表：
He said, “I usually watch TV on Sunday.”他說：“我常在星期天看電視”。
→He said that he usually watched TV on Sunday.他說他常在星期天看電視。
He said, “I'm using the knife.”他說：“我正在用小刀。”
→He said that he was using the knife.他說他正在用小刀。
She said, “I have not heard from him since May.”她說：“自從五月份來我就沒有收到他的來信。”
→She said that she had not heard from him since May. 她說自從五月份以來她就沒收到他的來信。
He said，“I came to help you.”他說：“我來幫助你。”
→He said that he had come to help me.他說他來幫助我。
He said, “I had finished my homework before supper.”他說：“晚飯前我己做完了作業。”
→He said that he had finished his homework before supper.他說晚飯前他己做完了作業。
Zhou Lan said, “I'll do it after class.”周蘭說：“下課後我就去做。”
→Zhou Lan said that she would do it after class.周蘭說下課後她就去做。
He said,“I shall be doing my homework then.”他說：“那時我將正在做作業。”
→He said that he should be doing his homework then.他說那時他將正在做作業。
He said, “We shall have finished the work by that time.”他說：“我們將在那時以前完成工作。”
→He said that they should have finished the work by that time.他說他們將在那時以前完成工作。
注意：直接引語如果是客觀真理、名人名言、與一個具體的過去時間連用說明客觀事實時，變為間接引語時，時態不變。
The teacher said, “The earth is round. ”老師說：“地球是圓的。”
→The teacher said that the earth is round.老師說地球是圓的。
He said, “I was born in Shangdong in 1965.” 他說: “我1965年生於山東。”
→He said that he was born in Shangdong in 1965. 他說他1965年生於山東。
He said, “Columbus discovered America in 1492.”他說：“哥倫布在1492年發現了美洲。”
→He said Columbus discovered America in 1492.他說哥倫布在1492年發現了美洲。
***2***主句的謂語動詞是現在時或將來時
如果主句的謂語動詞是現在時或將來時，直接引語變為間接引語時，時態一律不變
He says, “I finished the work.”他說：“我做完工作了。”
He says that he finished the work. 他說他做完工作了。
He will say, “I have watered the flowers.” 他會說：“我己經澆花了。”
He will say he has watered the flowers. 他會說他己經澆花了。
高中英語not only...but also...的用法
not only...but also... 表示“不僅……而且”“既……又”，用於連線兩個性質相同的詞或短語。如：
Not only men but also women were chosen. 不僅僅是男的，女的也有被選中的。
We were not only hungry, but also tired. 我們不但餓了，而且也累了。
She likes not only music but also sport. 她不但喜歡音樂而且喜歡運動。
She not only plays well, but also writes music. 她不僅很會演奏，而且還會作曲。
We go there not only in winter, but also in summer. 我們不僅冬天去那兒，而且夏天也去。
另外，在使用not only…but also…時還應注意以下幾點：
1. 有時可將but also分開用，即將but視為普通的並列連詞，用於連線兩個句子，然後將also用於句中***用謂語動詞用在一起***。如：
He's not only very fast, but he's also got marvellous technique. 他不僅很快，而且技術高超。
2. 該結構中的also有時可以省略，或將also換成too, as well***置於句末***。如：
He not only washed the car, but polished it too [as well]. 他不僅沖洗汽車，而且還擦拭了它。
His name is known not only in Japan, but in China. 他不僅在日本出名，而且在中國也出名。
3. 有時因為語境的需要，not only…but also…也可能用於連線兩個性質不同的詞或短語，但這多半因為承前省略的原因。如：
He not only goes to work on weekdays, but also on weekends. 他不僅工作日去上班，在週末也去上班。
句中的not only後接的是謂語goes to，而but also後接的卻是狀語 on weekends，可視為but also後承前省略了謂語動詞 goes to work。
4. 當not only…but also連線兩個主語時，謂語動詞的數原則上與其相近的主語保持一致。如：
Not only the students but also their teacher is enjoying the film. 不僅學生們在欣賞這部影片，他們的老師也在欣賞這部影片。
5. 為了強調，可將not only置於句首，此時其後的句子通常要用部分倒裝的形式。如：
Not only has she been late three times, she has also done no work. 她不僅僅遲到了3次，她還沒幹一點活。
Not only do they need clothing, but they are also short of water. 他們不但需要衣服，而且還缺水。
有時也可見到不倒裝的情形，此時主要見於but also後接省略結構的情況***省略只剩下主語***。如：
Not only my mother was unhappy, but Marian, too. 不僅我母親不快樂，瑪麗安也不快樂。