虛擬語氣的用法總結

   以下是小編為大家總結的虛擬語氣的用法,希望能幫助大家更好地掌握英語中虛擬語氣的用法,提高英語水平。

       一、虛擬語氣的使用範圍:

  虛擬語氣用來表示說話人所說的話並不是事實,而是一種假設、願望、懷疑或推測。該語法主要用於if 條件狀語從句中,也可用於主語從句、表語從句和賓語從句等。

  二、虛擬語氣的判斷:

  1. if 條件狀語從句中虛擬語氣的判斷。if 條件狀語從句有真實條件句和非真實條件句。假設條件可以實現的句子為真實條件句,反之為非真實條件句,要用虛擬語氣。其形式分為以下三種:

  1 與過去事實相反的假設。結構為:從句的謂語動詞用“had + 過去分詞”,主句用“should would, could, might + have + 過去分詞”。例如:

  If it had not rained so hard yesterday, we could have played tennis. 如果昨天沒有下大雨,我們就能玩網球了。

  2 與現在事實相反的假設。結構為:從句的謂語動詞用過去式,系動詞用were,主句的謂語用“should would, could, might + 動詞原形”。例如:

  If I were in your position, I would marry her. 如果我是你,我就娶她為妻。

  3 與將來事實相反的假設。結構為:從句的謂語動詞用“should were to + 動詞原形”,主句用“should

  would, could, might + 動詞原形”。 例如:

  If you should miss the chance, you would feel sorry for it. 如果你錯過了這次機會,你會難過的。

  2. 賓語從句中的虛擬語氣用法。

  1 wish後接賓語從句中的虛擬語氣:根據從句的意義來判斷。

  A: 表示與現在和將來事實相反的願望,從句謂語動詞用過去時態。例如:

  I wish they were not so late. 要是他們來得不是這麼晚就好了。

  B: 表示與過去事實相反的願望,從句謂語動詞用過去完成時態。例如:

  I wished he hadn't done that. 我真希望那件事不是他做的。

  2 表示“要求、建議、命令”等動詞後面的賓語從句中的虛擬語氣。用於此結構的動詞有:advise, direct, agree, ask, demand, decide, desire, insist, order, prefer, propose, request, suggest等。從句的謂語動詞用“should + 動詞原形”,其中should 可以省去。例如:

  I insisted that he should go with us. 我堅持讓他和我們一起去。

  注意:當insist 表示“堅持認為”、suggest表示“表明,顯示”時,不用虛擬語氣。例如:

  He insisted that she was honest. 他堅持認為她是誠實的。

  3. 主語從句中的虛擬語氣用法。

  1 It be + 形容詞 + that... should...。用於該句型的形容詞有:necessary, good, important, right, wrong, better, natural, proper, funny, strange, surprising等。例如:

  It's natural that he should feel hurt. 他感到疼是很正常的。

  2 It be + 過去分詞 + that... should...。用於該結構中的過去分詞是表示“建議、請求、命令”等詞的過去分詞。如: desired, suggested, requested, ordered, proposed等。例如:

  It is desired that the building of the house be completed next month. 真希望這所房子在下個月前就能竣工。

  3 It is time about time / high time that... + 過去時或should + 動詞原形...。例如:

  It is high time I went home now. = It is high time I should go home. 我該回家了。

  4 表語從句、同位語從句中的虛擬語氣。在suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea, advice, decision等需要具體內容解釋的名詞後要使用虛擬語氣,其謂語動詞為:should + 動詞原形,連線從句的that不能省略。例如:

  My suggestion is that we should go there at once. 我的建議是我們應該馬上去那兒。

  4. 省略形式。有時可以把含有助動詞、情態動詞、be或have的虛擬條件句中的連詞if 省去,而將had, should, were 等詞提到主語之前,即用倒裝結構。這時,如果出現not等否定詞時需放在主語後面。例如:

  If she had been here five minutes earlier she would have seen her old friend. → Had she been here five minutes earlier she would have seen her old friend. 如果她早到五分鐘,她就會看見她的老朋友了。

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