關於機械製造的英語文章
近年來國內外的機械故障診斷技術發展迅速，研究的手段和方法日新月異，其應用已遍及各個工業領域。下面小編整理了，希望大家喜歡!
摘抄
直接資料控制
The computer calls the part program instructions from bulk storage and sends them to the individual machines as the need arises.
計算機從海量記憶體中取出部分程式指令送入到需要的獨立機床中。
It also receives data back from the machines.
相應的計算機也接受機床反饋資訊。
This two-way information flow occurs in real time, which means that each machine’s requests for instructions must be satisfied almost instantaneously.
這種雙工的資訊流在實時控制加工系統中出現意味著每臺機床需要指令的請求能立即得到迴應。
Similarly, the computer must always be ready to receive information from the machines and to respond accordingly.
類似的，計算機必須總是要準備要接受資訊和進行迴應。
The remarkable feature of the DNC system is that the computer is servicing a large number of separate machine tools all in real time. Depending on the number of machines and the computational requirements that are imposed on the computer, it is sometimes necessary to make use of satellite computers, as shown in Fig.2.4.
DNC系統顯著特點是可以實時控制大量機床。更具機器數量和所需的計算機程度化。有時需要使用衛星計算機如圖2.4 所示。
These satellites are smaller computers, and they serve to take some of the burden off the larger central computer.
衛星計算機是更小的計算機 可以分擔中央計算任務 減輕其負擔。
Each satellite controls several machines.
每臺衛星控制幾臺機床。
Groups of part program instructions are received from the central computer and stored in buffers.
零件加工指令程式由計算機接受 儲存在記憶體中
They are then dispensed to the individual machines as required Feedback data from the machines are also stored in the satellite’s buffer before being collected at the central computer.
當需要時衛星計算機發送指令程式到每個獨立機床中。來自機床的反饋資料在電腦中央儲存接受之前儲存在衛星記憶體中。
鑑賞
Computer numerical control
計算機數字控制
Since the introduction of DNC, there have been dramatic advances in computer technology.
由於DNC技術的介入,在計算機技術上得到了很大的發展。
The physical size and cost of a digital computer have been significantly reduced at the sametime that its computational capabilities have been substantially increased.
計算機在尺寸和成本顯著減少的同時,計算機的能力卻有很大的提高。
In numerical control, the result of these advances has been that the large hard-wired MCU ofconventional NC have been replaced by control units based on the digital computer. Initially,minicomputers were utilized in the early 1970s.
在數控中,這些發展使得由硬體佈置的MCU變為數字電腦控制的控制單元。最早,小型機在1970 年使用。
As further miniaturization occurred in computers, minicomputers were replaced by today'smicrocomputers.
隨著計算機進一步小型化,小型機被當今的微型機取代。
Computer numerical control is an NC system using dedicated microcomputer as the machinecontrol unit.
計算機控制也是一種數字控制,它採用微型計算機作為控制單元。
Because a digital computer is used in both CNC and DNC, it is appropriate to distinguishbetween the two types of system. There are three principal differences:
由於數字電腦用於CNC 和DNC 中,只近似區分兩種型別。有三個區分原則?
DNC computers distribute instructional data to, and collect data from, a large number ofmachines. CNC computers control only one machine, or a small number of machines.
DNC 電腦接受和傳送指令資料都是來自許多機器,CNC 電腦控制只是一個機器或多個機器。
DNC computers occupy a location that is typically remote from the machines under theircontrol. CNC computers are located very near their machine tools.
DNC 電腦佔有一個位置通過控制來實現機器的旋轉。CNC 電腦要非常靠近車床。
DNC software is developed not only to control individual pieces of production equipment, butalso to serve as part of a management information system in the manufacturing sector of thefirm.
DNC 軟體的發展不經可以控制生產裝置的每個單獨零件,還可以在生產堅固性方面提供主要控制資訊。
賞析
CNC software is developed to augment the capabilities of a particular machine tool.
CNC 的提高可以提高特殊車床的能力。
The general configuration of a computer numerical control system is pictured in Fig.2.5.
電腦數控系統的大體配置如圖2.5 所示。
As illustrated in the diagram, the controller has a tape reader for initial entry of a partprogram.
如圖中所示,最初進入控制器的是磁帶播放機。
In this regard, the outward appearance of a CNC system is similar to that of a conventionalNC machine.
這樣,CNC 的外部系統與傳統的NC機相似。
However, the way in which the program is used in CNC is different.
然而CNC 中的程式使用方法是不同的。
With a conventional NC system, the punched tape is cycled through the tape reader for eachworkpart in the batch. The MCU reads in a block of instructions on the tape, executing thatblock before proceeding to the next block.
與傳統的數控系統比,紙帶通過紙帶閱讀機對每個批次的工件迴圈。MCU讀取磁帶上的指示塊,執行該塊,然後進行下一個塊。
In CNC, the entire program is entered once and stored in computer memory.
在數控中,整個程式一旦進入並儲存在電腦的儲存器中。
The machining cycle for each part is controlled by the program contained in memory ratherthan from the tape itself.
每個零件的加工週期控制在記憶體中,而不是來自磁帶本身的程式。
Control algorithms contained in the computer convert the part program instructions intoactions of the machine tool ***or other processing equipment***.
在計算機中的控制演算法轉換成機床或其他加工裝置的行動的一部分程式指令。
Certain functions are carried out by hard-wired components in the MCU.
MCU中進行硬連線元件的某些功能。
For example, circular interpolation calculations are often performed by hardwired circuitsrather than by stored program. Also, a hardware interface is required to make the connectionswith the machine tool servo systems.
例如,圓弧插補計算往往是通過硬連線的電路,而不是由儲存程式執行。另外,硬體介面需要與機床伺服系統連線。