關於科技科學的英文文章

　　抓好科技、教育,這可是興國安邦的大事，現在我國科技人才輩出,燦若繁星。下面是小編帶來的，歡迎閱讀!

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　　故障不斷 全日空將為波音787更換髮動機

　　ANA says it will replace the engines on its fleet of Boeing 787s after a series of engine failures caused by corrosion and fatigue cracking of turbine blades.

　　全日空航空公司表示，由於渦輪機葉片出現腐朽和裂痕造成的一系列引擎問題，該公司將替換掉旗下所有波音787夢想飛機的引擎。

　　The Japanese airline plans to swap out all 100 Rolls-Royce engines currently used on its 50 Dreamliners. The process could take as long as three years, according to spokesman Yoichi Uchida.

　　據發言人Yoichi Uchida表示，這家日本航空公司計劃換掉所有波音787夢想飛機當前正在使用的共100個羅爾斯·羅伊斯引擎。這個過程可能會耗費三年。

　　ANA said the engine faults have already led to two cases where an aircraft was forced to return to its departure airport -- Kuala Lumpur and Hanoi. Similar issues affected a third flight in August.

　　全日空表示，引擎問題已經導致了兩起事件發生--飛機在起飛後被迫返回出發地吉隆坡和河內。今年8月又發生了第三起類似事件。

　　Some of the cracks are the result of corrosion caused by chemicals in the atmosphere. ANA said the problem gets worse as an aircraft completes more flights.

　　一些葉片的裂痕是大氣中化學物質腐蝕造成的。全日空表示，飛行頻率高的客機，情況會變得更為糟糕。

　　The airline has already been forced to cancel 18 flights because of the problem, and more could be affected later this month.

　　已有18個航班因為這個問題而被取消，到本月底，可能會有更多航班會受到影響。

　　For now, the engines will be upgraded with brand new turbine blades.

　　現在，這些引擎將會更新為全新的渦輪機葉片。

　　Meanwhile, ANA said it is working with Rolls-Royce to find a more permanent solution. Five engines have already been repaired with new turbines.

　　同時，全日空表示，其正在與羅爾斯·羅伊斯公司商討，找到一個長期的解決方案。目前已有5架客機換上了新葉片。

　　"We are working very closely with ANA to minimize the impact on their airline operation," Rolls-Royce ***RYCEY*** said in a statement.

　　羅爾斯·羅伊斯公司在一份宣告中表示：“我們正和全日空密切合作中，將對客機執行的影響降到最低。”

　　閱讀

　　電池起火成墜機誘因 坐飛機還安全嗎

　　The Federal Aviation Administration, citing fire hazards, has warned against using SamsungGalaxy Note 7 smartphones on aircraft.

　　美國聯邦航空管理局***Federal Aviation Administration***以火災危險為由警告不要在飛機上使用三星蓋樂世Note 7***Samsung Galaxy Note 7***智慧手機。

　　Three Australian airlines and the German carrier Lufthansa have outright banned their useonboard.

　　三家澳大利亞航空公司和德國漢莎航空公司***Lufthansa***則明確禁止在機上使用該產品。

　　But the threat of airliner fires is not limited to Samsung devices, which the company hasoffered to replace.

　　不過，飛機上的火災威脅不僅限於三星的電子裝置***三星已提出調換***。

　　And the hazard is far more than theoretical.

　　這些危險也不僅是理論上的。

　　Qantas, one of the Australian carriers, had an onboard fire during a trans-Pacific flight this yearwhen a passenger’s cellphone was crushed in the mechanism of a business-class seat and thephone’s lithium-ion battery ignited.

　　今年，澳洲航空公司***Qantas***的飛機在一次跨太平洋飛行中發生火災，一名乘客的手機被商務艙座位的機械裝置壓碎，鋰離子電池起火。

　　In January as a Delta Air Lines flight from Minneapolis to Atlanta arrived at the gate, crewmembers discovered that a carry-on bag containing two laptop computers had burst intoflames, according to the FAA The smoke prompted some passengers to use the emergencyexits and wait on the wings until help arrived.

　　今年1月，美國聯邦航空管理局報告，一架從明尼阿波利斯飛往亞特蘭大的達美航空公司***Delta Air Lines***客機抵達登機口時，機組成員發現一件裝有兩臺膝上型電腦的隨身行李起火。煙霧迫使一些乘客使用緊急出口離開，在機翼上等待，直至救援人員到達。

　　The problem is lithium-ion batteries, which have become the standard for portable consumerelectronics, including phones, tablets and laptops, because of the power they can pack into asmall package.

　　問題出在鋰離子電池身上，它已成為行動式電子產品的標配，包括手機、平板電腦和手提電腦，因為一塊小小的鋰離子電池能儲存大量電能。

　　They are also highly volatile.

　　但它們也非常不穩定。

　　Battery fires were considered a contributing factor in the crashes of three cargo planes in thelast 10 years: an Asiana 747 in 2011, a UPS 747 in Dubai in 2010 and a UPS DC-8 inPhiladelphia in 2006.

　　電池起火被認為是過去10年中三架貨運飛機墜毀的一個誘因：2011年韓亞航空公司***Asiana***的747飛機;2010年UPS的747飛機***在迪拜***，以及2006年UPS的DC-8飛機***在費城***。

　　In January, the FAA issued a warning that lithium-ion batteries in a cargo hold carried the riskof a catastrophic hull loss on an airplane.

　　今年1月，美國聯邦航空管理局釋出警告，貨艙中的鋰離子電池對飛機具有災難性殼體損失風險。

　　So far there have been no airliner disasters specifically attributed to passengers’ digital devices.

　　到目前為止，還沒有明確因乘客的數碼裝置而造成的空難。

　　But experts worry about the sheer mathematics.

　　但簡單統計一下數字，就足以讓專家擔心。

　　The Royal Aeronautical Society in Britain estimates that even a single-aisle jet with only 100passengers might have more than 500 lithium-ion batteries aboard.

　　英國皇家航空協會***Royal Aeronautical Society in Britain***估計，就連一架僅能搭載100名乘客的單通道飛機也可能裝有500多塊鋰離子電池。

　　Those numbers, and the attendant fire risks, could eventually catch up with the air-travelingpublic.

　　那些電池以及伴隨的火災風險可能最終傷害搭飛機旅行的公眾。

　　The question is: What to do about it — besides issuing advisories?

　　問題：除了釋出警告之外，我們還能怎麼辦?

　　The FAA administrator, Michael P.

　　美國聯邦航空管理局局長邁克爾•P•胡爾塔***Michael P.

　　Huerta, said in an email statement that the agency recognized that the batteries posed risksand that it was tracking all incidents in aircraft cabins to help us determine what we can do.

　　Huerta***在***宣告中稱，該機構認識到電池具有風險，正在研究所有機艙事故，幫助我們確定能做些什麼。

　　Huerta urged passengers to put their devices in a carry-on bag or other safe location when notusing them.

　　胡爾塔強烈建議乘客把不用的電子裝置放入隨身行李或其他安全的地方。

　　But the FAA is in a tough situation.

　　不過，美國聯邦航空管理局處於艱難的境地。

　　Under the regulatory rules, it cannot ground the Galaxy Note 7 until the Consumer ProductSafety Commission orders a recall.

　　按照管理規定，它不能禁止蓋樂世Note 7上飛機，除非消費產品安全委員會***Consumer Product SafetyCommission***命令召回。

　　On Friday, the safety commission said it was working with Samsung on the terms of a recalland urged owners of the phones to stop using them.

　　週五，該安全委員會稱，正在與三星協商召回事宜，並敦促那些手機的所有者不要使用它們。

　　On Saturday, Samsung offered new guidance to owners: Turn off your phone and bring it infor a replacement.

　　週六，三星給顧客們提供了新方案：關掉手機，拿來更換。

　　Congress has limited the FAA’s ability to place restrictions on battery-powered devices onairplanes beyond the recommendations of the International Civil Aviation Organization,according to Laura Brown, an FAA spokeswoman.

　　據美國聯邦航空管理局的發言人勞拉•布朗***Laura Brown***稱，國會限制美國聯邦航空管理局在國際民用航空組織***International Civil Aviation Organization***的建議之外，對機上電池供電裝置進行更多限制。

　　The organization, a U.N. agency, says the devices should not be transported on passengerplanes as cargo or in checked baggage.

　　後者是聯合國的下屬機構，它表示，這些裝置不應該在客機上作為貨物運輸，也不應在托執行李中運輸。

　　As for in-cabin use, the organization defers to each country’s rules.

　　至於在機艙內的使用，該組織留給每個國家自行規定。

　　Any attempt to seriously restrict or even ban devices powered by lithium-ion batteries wouldprobably face an outcry from travelers, who have come to consider them an indispensable partof modern life.

　　旅客們已經把手機視為現代生活不可缺少的一部分，任何嚴格限制甚至禁止這些以鋰離子電池裝置的嘗試都可能招致強烈抗議。

　　There would also be the question of who would enforce such rules, and how.

　　另外，還有誰來執行以及如何執行這些規定的問題。

　　Airport security check-in processes are already long and tedious, without adding a new layerof scrutiny.

　　機場安檢託運過程已經很漫長無聊，更別提再加一層審查。

　　Until a few years ago, before the in-cabin use of phones and other electronic devices wasallowed below 10,000 feet, it was widely known that passengers surreptitiously defied the rule.

　　幾年前，在1萬英尺以下的機艙內使用手機等電子裝置不再被禁止。在那之前，眾所周知，乘客往往偷偷地自行其是。

　　Flight attendants complained that it was impossible to police.

　　乘務員抱怨說，他們無法管束。

　　So the goal is to contain the hazard.

　　所以，目標是控制危險。

　　In the event of a lithium-ion battery fire in flight, FAA standards may help minimize thedamage.

　　當飛行中遇到鋰離子電池著火的情況時，美國聯邦航空管理局的標準也許可以幫助把損失降低到最小。

　　Seat covers, carpets, curtains and dividers are made of special materials that are flameretardant, even against a lithium-ion battery fire, which burns in the neighborhood of 1,000degrees Fahrenheit, according to Isidor Buchmann, an engineer who runs the informational siteBatteryUniversity.

　　座套、地毯、窗簾和分割簾由特殊的阻燃材料做成，甚至能抵擋鋰離子電池引發的火情。據信息網站BatteryUniversity的運營工程師伊西多•布克曼***Isidor Buchmann***稱，這種材料在周圍溫度達到1000華氏度***約合538攝氏度***時會燃燒。

　　Some experts say those standards could suffice.

　　有些專家稱，這些標準已經足夠。

　　It’s damned near impossible to propagate a fire on an airplane, said George J. Ringger, anaeronautical engineer with his own consulting company who specializes in cabin interiors.

　　在飛機上，火勢幾乎不可能蔓延，航空工程師喬治•J•林格***George J. Ringger***說。他自己的諮詢公司專門提供機艙內部設施方面的建議。

　　Could a passenger get burned? Yes.

　　乘客是否有可能被燒傷?有可能。

　　Would there be smoke that would propagate in the cabin? Do crews have protocols? Yes.

　　煙霧是否有可能在機艙蔓延?機組成員是否有應急方案?是的。

　　But some other fire and safety experts are not as sanguine.

　　但是其他一些火災和安全專家不這麼樂觀。

　　A laptop battery fire could take hours to burn itself out.

　　如果手提電腦的電池起火，可能要在數小時後才能燒盡。

　　And the smoke emitted would be abundant and toxic.

　　可能釋放大量有毒煙霧。

　　Michael Gilchrist is an engineer and co-owner of PlaneGard, a maker of a case meant to containthe fire and smoke if a battery starts to malfunction.

　　工程師邁克爾•吉爾克里斯特***Michael Gilchrist***是PlaneGard公司的聯合所有者。該公司生產一種箱子，電池功能失常時放進去，可以限制火和煙霧蔓延。

　　Customers include Air Tahiti Nui, which carries the PlaneGard case on transoceanic flights.

　　它的客戶包括塔希提航空公司***Air Tahiti Nui***，後者在跨大洋的航班上配備了PlaneGard盒。

　　With a full-blown laptop, you see what happens, Gilchrist said. You have a 35- or 40-minuteevent.

　　對於一臺完整的膝上型電腦，情況會是這樣，吉爾克里斯特說，那會是一場持續35至40分鐘的事故。

　　That could cause a lot of problems.

　　會導致很多問題。

　　學習

　　谷歌旗下DeepMind在語音生成領域取得突破

　　Google’s DeepMind division has claimed a big leap forward in producing computer-generatedspeech, potentially bringing forward the day when machines sound as natural as humans.

　　谷歌***Google***旗下的DeepMind稱，在計算機語音生成領域取得巨大飛躍。這一技術進步可能會令機器像人一樣自然發聲的一天提前到來。

　　Researchers at the UK-based artificial intelligence arm said tests of their system with humanlisteners, though unavoidably subjective, had shown that the technology halves the qualitygap that exists between today’s computer systems and human speech.

　　這家總部駐英國的人工智慧分公司的研?a href='//' target='_blank'>咳嗽北硎荊?扇死嗵?詼雲湎低車牟饈?儘管這種測試不可避免地帶有主觀性***顯示，該技術將目前計算機系統與人類說話間存在的質量差距縮小了一半。

　　One person familiar with the research said the system, called WaveNet, was not being employedin any of Google’s products yet, and that the massive computing power it needed to generatespeech made it impractical for real world use for the foreseeable future.

　　一位知情人士表示，這一名叫WaveNet的系統尚未被用於谷歌任何產品。該技術在生成語音時需要極大的運算能力，令它在可以預期的未來無法實際運用到真實世界。

　　The research that led to WaveNet, along with a number of samples of speech generated by thesystem, was published online on Thursday.

　　週四，WaveNet的相關研究以及一系列該系統生成的語音樣本被髮布到網上。