名詞語法講解及練習題分類及用法

  名詞是表示人,事物,地點或抽象概念的名稱的詞,名詞的語法知識分為幾種。下面小編為大家帶來名詞語法講解及練習題,歡迎大家學習!

  名詞語法講解:名詞複數的規則變化

情況

構成方法

讀音

例詞

一般情況

加 -s

清子音後讀/s/

map-maps

濁子音和母音後讀 /z/

bag-bags /car-cars

以s, sh, ch, x等結尾

加 -es

讀 /iz/

bus-buses/ watch-watches

以ce, se, ze,等結尾

加 -s

讀 /iz/

license-licenses

以子音字母+y結尾

變y 為i再加es

讀 /z/

baby---babies

  名詞語法講解:其它名詞複數的規則變化

  1*** 以y結尾的專有名詞,或母音字母+y 結尾的名詞變複數時,直接加s變複數。例如:

  two Marys     the Henrys

  monkey---monkeys  holiday---holidays

  2*** 以o 結尾的名詞,變複數時:

  a. 加s,如: photo---photos   piano---pianos

  radio---radios   zoo---zoos;

  b. 加es,如:potato--potatoes  tomato--tomatoes

  c. 上述a和b兩種方法均可,如zero---zeros / zeroes。

  3*** 以f或fe 結尾的名詞變複數時:

  a. 加s,如: belief---beliefs  roof---roofs

  safe---safes  gulf---gulfs;

  b. 去f,fe 加ves,如:half---halves

  knife---knives leaf---leaves  wolf---wolves

  wife---wives  life---lives  thief---thieves;

  c. 上述a和b兩種方法均可,如handkerchief: handkerchiefs / handkerchieves。

  名詞語法講解:名詞複數的不規則變化

  1*** child---children  foot---feet  tooth---teeth

  mouse---mice    man---men  woman---women

  注意:由一個詞加 man 或 woman構成的合成詞,其複數形式也是 -men 和-women,如an Englishman,two Englishmen。但German不是合成詞,故複數形式為Germans;Bowman是姓,其複數是the Bowmans。

  2*** 單復同形,如deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese ,li,jin,yuan,two li,three mu,four jin等。但除人民幣的元、角、分外,美元、英鎊、法郎等都有複數形式。如:a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters。

  3***集體名詞,以單數形式出現,但實為複數。例如:

  people police cattle 等本身就是複數,不能說 a people,a police,a cattle,但可以說a person,a policeman,a head of cattle, the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss 等名詞,表示國民總稱時,作複數用,如The Chinese are industries and brave. 中國人民是勤勞勇敢的。

  4*** 以s結尾,仍為單數的名詞,如:

  a. maths,politics,physics等學科名詞,一般是不可數名詞,為單數。

  b. news 為不可數名詞。

  c. the United States,the United Nations 應視為單數。

  The United Nations was organized in 1945. 聯合國是1945年組建起來的。

  d. 以複數形式出現的書名,劇名,報紙,雜誌名,也可視為單數。例如:

  "The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book. 《一千零一夜》是一本非常有趣的故事書。

  5*** 表示由兩部分構成的東西,如:glasses ***眼鏡*** trousers, clothes等,若表達具體數目,要藉助數量詞 pair***對,雙***; suit***套***; a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers等。

  6*** 另外還有一些名詞,其複數形式有時可表示特別意思,如:goods貨物,waters水域,fishes***各種***魚。

  名詞語法講解:不可數名詞量的表示

  1***物質名詞

  a. 當物質名詞轉化為個體名詞時為可數。

  比較:Cake is a kind of food. 蛋糕是一種食物。 ***不可數***

  These cakes are sweet. 這些蛋糕很好吃。 ***可數***

  b. 當物質名詞表示該物質的種類時,可數。例如:

  This factory produces steel. ***不可數***

  We need various steels. ***可數***

  c. 當物質名詞表示份數時,可數。例如:

  Our country is famous for tea. 我國因茶葉而聞名。

  Two teas, please. 請來兩杯茶。

  2*** 抽象名詞表示具體的事例時也可數。例如:

  four freedoms 四大自由 the four modernizations四個現代化

  物質名詞和抽象名詞可以藉助單位詞表一定的數量,如a glass of water 一杯水/ a piece of advice 一則建議。

  名詞語法講解:定語名詞的複數

  名詞作定語一般用單數,但也有以下例外。

  用複數作定語。例如:

  sports meeting 運動會 students reading-room 學生閱覽室

  talks table 談判桌 the foreign languages department 外語系

  2*** man, woman, gentleman等作定語時,其單複數以所修飾的名詞的單複數而定。例如:

  men workers  women teachers  gentlemen officials

  3*** 有些原有s結尾的名詞,作定語時,s保留。例如:

  goods train ***貨車*** arms produce 武器生產

  customs papers 海關檔案 clothes brush 衣刷

  4*** 數詞+名詞作定語時,這個名詞一般保留單數形式。例如:

  two-dozen eggs 兩打雞蛋  a ten-mile walk 十英里路

  two-hundred trees 兩百棵樹 a five-year plan. 一個五年計劃

  名詞語法講解:不同國籍人的單複數

國籍

總稱(謂語用複數)

單數

複數

中國人

the Chinese

a Chinese 

two Chinese

瑞士人

the Swiss

a Swiss

two Swiss

澳大利亞人

the Australians 

an Australian

two Australians

俄國人

the Russians

a Russian

two Russians

義大利人

the Italians

an Italian

two Italians

希臘人

the Greek

a Greek

two Greeks

法國人

the French

a Frenchman

two Frenchmen

日本人

the Japanese

a Japanese

two Japanese

美國人

the Americans

an American

two Americans

印度人

the Indians

an Indian

two Indians

加拿大人

the Canadians

a Canadian

two Canadians

德國人

the Germans

a Germans

two Germans

英國人

the English

an Englishman

two Englishmen

瑞典人

the Swedish

a Swede

two Swedes

  名詞語法講解:名詞的格

  英語中有些名詞可以加"'s"來表示所有關係,帶這種詞尾的名詞形式稱為該名詞的所有格,如:a teacher's book。名詞所有格的規則如下:

  1*** 單數名詞詞尾加"'s",複數名詞詞尾沒有s,也要加"'s",如the boy's bag 男孩的書包,men's room 男廁所。

  2*** 若名詞已有複數詞尾-s ,只加" ' ",如:the workers' struggle 工人的鬥爭。

  3*** 凡不能加"'s"的名詞,都可以用"名詞+of +名詞"的結構來表示所有關係,如:the title of the song 歌的名字。

  4*** 在表示店鋪或教堂的名字或某人的家時,名詞所有格的後面常常不出現它所修飾的名詞,如:the barber's 理髮店。

  5*** 如果兩個名詞並列,並且分別有's,則表示"分別有";只有一個's,則表示'共有'。例如:

  John's and Mary's rooms***兩間***  John and Mary's room***一間***

  6*** 複合名詞或短語,'s 加在最後一個詞的詞尾。例如:a month or two's absence

  名詞語法練習題

  1. The commander said that two________ would be sent to the Iraqi front the next day.

  A. women’s doctor B. women doctors C. women’s doctors D. women doctor

  2. “Look! The police ________ here to keep order! Go away quickly,” one of them shouted.

  A. is coming B. comes C. are coming D. has come

  3. She could not speak English, but made her wishes known by means of _____.

  A. signs B. sighs C. movements D. words

  4. In my opinion, what he told us just now about the affair simply doesn’t make any _____.

  A. idea B. meaning C. sense D. point

  5. Shelly had prepared carefully for her English examination so that she could be sure of passing it on her first _____.

  A. intention B. attempt C. purpose D. desire

  6. ________ food is kept in his new cave, but at last Saddam was still arrested.

  A. Large quantities of B. A great deal of C. A large number of D. Quite a few

  7. –– Let’s try operating the machine right now.

  ––Wait. Better read the _____first.

  A. instructions B. explanations C. information D. introduction

  8.The rest of the magazines________ within half an hour.

  A. is sold out B. was sold out C. were sold out D. are sold out

  9. You’d have more _____of catching the train if you took a bus to the station instead of walking.

  A. opportunity B. chance C. time D. energy

  10.The number of deer, mountain lions and wild roses________ much if people leave things________ they are.

  A. doesn’t change; as B. aren’t changed; like C. don’t change; like D. don’t change; as

  11. I knew I shouldn’t accept anything from such a person, but I found it difficult to turn down his _____.

  A. offer B. suggestion C. request D. plan

  12.________it is to gather with President Bush at such a special Thanksgiving Day in Iraq!

  A. what a fun B. what fun C. how fun D. what joy

  13. Oh., John________ you gave us!

  A. How a great surprise B. how pleasant surprise

  C. what a pleasant surprise D. what pleasant surprise

  14 He is________ as a leader but he hasn’t________ in teaching.

  A. success; many experiences B. a success; much experience

  C. great success; an experience D. a great success; a lot of experiences

  15 —Who did you spend last weekend with?

  —________.

  A. Palmer’s B. The Palmers’ C. The Palmers D. The Palmer’s

  名詞語法練習題參考答案

  1. B。複合名詞的複數中含有構詞成分man / woman時,將變為men / women, 且所修飾的名詞也要變成複數。

  2. C。特殊類群體名詞 police / cattle 做主語時,謂語動詞用複數;“警察”個體用 policeman / policewoman;牛的個體用 a head of cattle。

  3. A。signs指“手勢”,還可用our expressions和gesture等body movements來表達思想。sigh意為“嘆息”,words與前半句矛盾。

  4. C。make sense是習語,意為“有道理”、“意義清楚”。

  5. B。比較:attempt=嘗試,企圖;intention=意圖;purpose=目的;desire=慾望。

  6. B。記住:a large / great / good quantity / amount of +複數名詞或不可數名詞,謂語動詞用單數;large / great / good quantities / amounts of +複數名詞或不可數名詞,謂語動詞用複數。

  7. A。instructions說明書***常用複數***,explanation解釋、說明。

  8. C。Most of / Half of / Part of / part of +名作主語,謂語與of後面的名詞保持一致。本題中magazines是可數名詞複數,故謂語動詞用複數。

  9. B。表示“機會”時,opportunity和chance兩者均可;但表示“可能性”時,只能用chance。

  10. A。The number of + 名詞複數,謂語常用單數;A. number of + 名詞複數,謂語常用複數。

  11. A。表示主動提供的東西,用offer。

  12. B。抽象名詞表泛指時一般不與冠詞連用。

  13. C。抽象名詞有前置或後置修飾語時,前面用不定冠詞,使之具體化; 如:A. happy life / a good education in that university / a wide knowledge of nature

  14. B。表具有某種特性、狀態、特點、情感、情緒的人和事;如:She is a success in cause but a failure in marriage.***成功者、失敗者***

  15. C。表示Palmer一家人,指一家人時常用the +姓氏的複數。


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