初中英語所有知識點

  初中英語學習關係到初中生中考的成敗,下面是小編為大家帶來的,相信對你會有幫助的。

  :一般疑問句

  1、一般疑問句以be,have情態動詞或助動詞開始,要求以yes或no回答。***有時也用certainly/perhaps/not at all回答***,句子通常用升調。

  例如:

  Are you a student?yes.i am/no I am not.

  Can you speak english?yes.i am/no I can not

  Have they been living here for 20 year?yes.they have/no.they haven′t.

  2、如果是單個實義動詞,一般現在時要在主語前加助動詞do或者does,過去時要加助動詞did,而主語後的謂語動詞須用動詞原形。

  例如:

  Does he do his homework every evening?

  Does she go to school yesterday?

  :特殊疑問句

  1、特殊疑問句一般以疑問代詞who/whom/whose/which/what和疑問副詞when/where/why/how以及how引出的片語how many/how long等開頭,不能用yes或者no來回答,句子通常用降調。

  2、語序:當疑問詞或由其所修飾的詞不作主語時,用一般疑問句語序。

  疑問詞+一般疑問句

  當疑問詞或由其所修飾的動詞作主語時,用陳述句語序。

  疑問句+陳述句

  例如:

  When did you begin to learn english?

  Who ***which student***is the talls in your class?

  3、who/what/which作主語時,通常按第三人稱單數對待。

  例如:

  Who is knocking at the door?

  4、what is sb?是問職業;who is sb?是問姓名或者與某人的關係。

  5、how many/how much/how long/how soon/how often/how many times/how far/how old等詞的用法區別。

  How many+可數名詞複數/how much+不可數名詞***都是問數量***

  how long:問一段延續的時間有多長,回答用for+一般時間或者since+點時間。

  how soon:問某事過多久將會發生,回答用in+一般時間。

  how often:問某一動作重複發生的頻率或間隔的時間,回答用three times a day.

  how many times:對動作的次數提問,回答時用once/twice等詞。

  how far:對路程、距離進行提問。

  how old:對年齡進行提問。

  例如:

  1***three are fifity students in our class.

  How many studenta are there in your class?

  2***this shirt is twenty-five yuan.

  How much is this shirt?

  3***my uncle has taught english for twenty years.

  How long has your uncle taught english?

  4***i go to the cinema once a week.

  How often do you go to the cinema?

  5***it is about three kilometers away from your school to our home town.

  How far is it from our school to your hometown?

  6***jim will come back in threedays.

  How soon will jim comeback?

  7***i have been to the greatwall ongly once.

  How many times have you been to the greatwall?

  8***he is only five years old.

  How old is he?

  :選擇疑問句

  1、提出兩個***或多個***選項看那一個正確的句子。

  2、兩部分***或多部分***由or連線,or前的部分讀升調,or後的部分讀降調。

  3、不能用yes或no來回答,語序為一般疑問句語序。

  例如:

  Are you a teacher or a student?

  I am,a student.

  :反意疑問句

  反意疑問句的構成是:陳述句+簡短問句

  1、若陳述部分是肯定形式,簡短就用否定形式;若陳述部分是否定形式,簡短問句要用肯定形式。

  例如:

  Li ping is a boy,isn′t he?

  Liu mei isn′t tall,is she?

  2、當陳述部分的謂語動詞是實義動詞have,簡短問句用do的相應形式。

  例如:

  We have only bread for breakfast,don′t we?

  You all had a good time,didn′t you?

  3、當陳述句的主語是I/one/everyone/anyone/someone/each/

  Everything等代詞時,簡短問句有下列幾種情況:

  ***1***i am a teacher,aren′t I ?***ain′t I ?***

  ***2***one can′t study too hard,canone?

  ***3***everyone knowa the secret,don′t they?***doesn′t he ?***

  ***4***nobody can do it,can they?

  ***5***everything has gone wrong today,hasn′t it?

  ***6***nothing can frighten him,can it?

  4、當陳述部分帶有never/seldom/hardly/few/little等含否定或部分否定意義時,簡短問句要用肯定形式。

  例如:

  He has never done it,has he?

  It seldom rains in the desert, doesn′t?

  5、若陳述部分為祈使句時,簡短問句一般要用“will you”或者“shall you”.

  例如:

  Do it again,will you?

  Let is go to school, shall we ?

  注意:let us go home,will you ?

  6、若陳述部分為“there be+主語+狀語”的句型時,後面的簡短問句中要用there.

  例如:

  There will be a meeting tomorrow,won′t there?

  7、若陳述部分有含否定意義的字首的單詞時,陳述部分仍視為肯定形式,簡短問句用否定形式。

  例如:

  She is unhappy,isn′t she?

  8、若陳述部分是表示建議的“you′d better not…”句式時,疑問部分常用will you?當you′d better的句式是肯定形式時,疑問部分可用hadn′t you?

  例如:

  you′d better not go now,will you?

  you′d better stay in bed till tomorrow , hadn′t you?

  9、若陳述部分中用need或dare作助動詞,簡短問句中仍用need或dare;若他們用作實義動詞時,簡短問句開頭要用助動詞do的適當形式。

  You needn′t clean it ,need you ?

  He needs a dictionary, dosen′t he ?

  10、若陳述部分中的must作必須解時,簡短問句中用must.若must含“推斷”或“判斷”意義時,簡短句開頭要用must後面動詞的適當形式。

  例:

  We must finish it today,mustn′t we ?

  It must be ling feng ,isn′t it ?

  11、當陳述部分是一個含有以that引導的賓語從句的複合句時,疑問部分多以主句為反問原體。

  例如:

  We are sure that we can beat them ,aren′t we?

  They said that they had a good time,didn′t they?

  12、若陳述部分是“I think***believe***+that從句”時,其簡短問句的主語和謂語應與從句的主語和謂語保持人稱、數和時態上的一致。

  例如:I don′t think he is right,is he ?

  :祈使句

  1、祈使句表示請求、命令、叮囑、號召等,謂語動詞用原形。

  例如:come in be careful!

  2、祈使句的否定形式以do not***縮寫為don′t***或never引起。

  例如:don′t be careless. Never do that again.

  3、“do +祈使句”表示一種強烈的感情或請示。

  例如:do come on time***務必***準時來。

  4、在直接引語變間接引語中,祈使句的肯定形式為to do…,否定形式為not to do….

  例:***1***the teacher said to the student,“come in ,please”.

  The teacher asked the student to come in.

  ***2***mom told the child ,don′t play with fire.

  Mom asked the child not to play with fire.

  5、let+賓語+賓補,構成祈使句

  例如:let me help you.

  :感嘆句

  1、what作定語,用來修飾名詞,結構如下:

  ***1***當被修飾的詞是可數名詞的單數形式時,用下面的結構。

  What+a***n***+形容詞+單數可數名詞+主語+謂語

  例如:what a useful dictionary it is!

  What an interesting film this is.

  ***2***當被修飾的詞是可數名詞的複數形式時,用下面的結構。

  What+形容詞+複數可數名詞+主語+謂語

  例如:what clever student they are!

  ***3***當被修飾的詞是不可數名詞時,用下面的結構:

  What+形容詞+不可數名詞+主語+謂語

  例如:what fine weather it is!

  2、how 用來修飾形容詞、副詞或動詞,結構如下:

  ***1***how+形容詞+主語+謂語

  例如:how beautiful the pictures are!

  ***2***how+形容詞+a***n***+單數可數名詞+主語+謂語

  例如:how good an idea this is!

  ***3***how+副詞+主語+謂語

  例如:how well the children draw!

  ***4***how+主語+謂語

  例如:how time flies!

  3、感嘆詞的省略形式。

  無論是what還是how引導的感嘆句,都常在口語中省略句子的主語和謂語。

  例如:what a good child!

  How fast!

  :倒裝句

  1、在there/here+be***或表示狀語性的動詞***結構中使用倒裝句式。

  例如:

  There are some flowers in the picture.

  Long ,long ago,there lived a king.

  Here is a little for you.

  2、在以there/here/in/out/up/down/away等副詞引起的句子中,使用倒裝句式,表示強調。

  例:here comes the bus!

  Out ran the children.

  注意:如果主語是人稱代詞時,主謂部分要用陳述句語序。

  例如:here you are! There he is!

  3、在以so 開頭的句子中使用倒裝句式表示“也”

  例:he can ride a bike,and so can I !

  注意:如果前句的謂語動詞是實義動詞或系動詞,倒裝結構中用助動詞do/dose/did或系動詞be,如果前句中含有助動詞或情態動詞,倒裝結構中則要根據倒裝結構的主語使用相應的助動詞或情態動詞。

  例如:he is working hard,and so are we.

  4、so有時也可以表示對前句內容的進一步肯定,意思相當於“是的”、“的確如此”,此時不可用倒裝句。

  例如:

  It is fine today,isn′t it ?今天天氣不錯,是嗎?

  Oh, so it is.啊,的確如此。***不用so is it ***

  5、在以neither/nor開頭的句子中,常使用倒裝句式,表示“也不”

  例如:tom didn′t watch tv last night,neither/nor did I .