學生高效學習英語方法
英語的學習主要是靠平時的積累,多讀,多寫是主要的學習方式,那麼同學們想要進一步提高英語的的成績,應該怎樣做呢?怎樣可以高效學習英語呢?下面是小編整理的,希望對您有用。
一
倒裝分為全部倒裝和部分倒裝。將整個謂語置於主語之前叫做全部倒裝;只將謂語的一部分***通常是助動詞或情態動詞***移至主語之前叫做部分倒裝,也叫半倒裝。
【妙語詮釋】
1. 副介開頭要倒裝,人稱代詞則如常。
在in, out, up, down, away, here, there, in front of等副詞或介詞短語開頭的句子裡,用完全倒裝。但當主語是人稱代詞時,句子的語序不變。如:
Away went the girl.
Here he comes.
On the table stood two cups and a teapot.
2. only修飾副介狀,位於句首半倒裝。
當only修飾的副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句放在句首時,句子需部分倒裝。如:
Only then did I realize that I was wrong.
Only in this way can you improve your listening.
Only when the government stops interfering ***干涉*** will we see any improvement in our schools.
3. 否定意義副連介,表示“也不”須倒裝。
含有否定意義的副詞、連詞或介詞短語置於句首時,句子要部分倒裝。常見的這類單詞或短語有:never, hardly, seldom, nowhere, rarely, not until, by no means, in no way, in no time, in no case等。如:
Not until you’ve done your homework can you play now.
neither, nor置於句首表示前面否定的內容也適用於另一人或物時,句子須用倒裝,其結構為“neither / nor + be /助動詞/情態動詞+主語”。如:
He doesn’t like Beethoven and neither do I.
—I’ve never been to Iceland.
—Nor have I.
4. not only開頭句,前一分句須倒裝。
not only ... but ***also*** ... 連線兩個分句時,若not only置於句首,前一個分句用部分倒裝結構。如:
Not only did I pay off all my debts, but I still saved some money to build a new house.
5. had, were, should虛擬句,省略if半倒裝。
在省略if的虛擬條件句中,如果從句中含有had, were, should時,則將其置於句首。如:
Were I you, I wouldn’t let him go.
Had I taken enough money yesterday, I would have bought that book.
6. so / such置於句首表強調,主句需用半倒裝。
so / such ... that結構中的so, such連同它修飾的成分位於句首時,主句要部分倒裝。如:
So loudly did he speak that everyone in the classroom could hear him clearly.
二
【妙語詮釋】
1. 建議冒險去想象
suggest ***建議***,advise ***建議***,risk ***冒……危險***,imagine ***想象***。
2. 期待享受防中斷
look forward to ***期待***,enjoy ***享受***,prevent ***阻止,防止***,leave off ***停止***。
3. 堅持繼續非逃避
insist on ***堅持***, keep ***on*** ***繼續***,escape ***逃避***。
4. 放棄延期要做完
give up ***放棄***,put off ***推遲,延期***,finish ***完成,結束***。
5. 注意反對避錯過
pay attention to ***注意,留意***,object to ***反對***,avoid ***避免***,miss ***錯過***。
6. 考慮忍受始實踐
consider ***考慮***,stand ***容忍,忍受***,set about ***開始,著手***,practise ***練習,實踐***。
7. 禁止介意可推緩
forbid ***禁止***,mind ***介意***,permit ***許可,允許***,delay ***耽擱***,postpone ***推遲***。
8. 不禁習慣而喜愛
can’t help ***禁不住***,get used to ***習慣於***,fancy ***喜愛***。
三
【妙語詮釋】
1. 集合名詞group, family, class等作主語時,如果強調整體,謂語動詞用單數形式,如果強調個體,謂語動詞用複數形式。但people, police, cattle作主語,謂語動詞常用複數形式。如:
Class One is likely to win.
Class One were all there when the door opened.
The police are looking for the lost child.
2. 主語為單數且後跟as well as, with, along with, together with, but, like, except等介詞***短語***時,謂語動詞用單數。如:
Kelly as well as the other students has learned how to type.
Our school, with some few schools, was built in the 1960s.
3. 由or, either ... or, nor, neither ... nor, not only ... but also, not ... but等連線的並列成分作主語時,通常按照就近原則,即謂語通常要與靠近它的主語一致。there be後面接並列名詞時,be應與最鄰近的名詞在數上保持一致。如:
Either you or I am to go there.
There is a desk, a table and three chairs in the room.
4. 不定式短語、動詞-ing形式***短語***作主語時,謂語一般用單數。主語從句作主語時,謂語一般用單數,但what和which引導的主語從句後的謂語動詞或系動詞要與其賓語或表語的數一致。如:
Collecting stamps is my favourite hobby.
Whether we’ll go camping tomorrow hasn’t been decided.
What mother bought are some books.
5. 表示時間、距離、金錢、重量、度量、容量、溫度等的複數名詞作主語,通常看作一個整體,謂語用單數形式。如:
Twenty years has passed since we left school.
Ten thousand dollars is a lot of money.
6. “all / half of +名詞”作主語,謂語的單複數由of之後的名詞的單複數來決定。如:
Half of my friends live in this city.
All of the money has been used up.
7. “分數/百分數+ of +名詞”作主語時,謂語的單複數由of之後的名詞的單複數而定。如:
Two fifths of the money was used to buy their food or drinks.
Twenty percent of the students in that school come fromAmerica.
8. 當and連線兩個在意義上表示同一人、物或概念的單數名詞或構成一個整體事物的兩個名詞時,謂語用單數。如:
A singer and dancer was present at the party today.
War and peace is a constant theme in history.
9. 兩個並列的名詞由no, each, many a, every等修飾時,謂語用單數。如:
Many a student and girl in the class has been to Beijing.
No sound and no voice is heard.
10. “the +形容詞”表示某一類人作主語時,謂語用複數形式。如:
The rich are not always happy though they have much money.
四
【妙語詮釋】
1. 四個“希望”三“答應”:
hope ***希望***,wish ***希望***,expect ***希望***,long ***希望***,agree ***答應***,promise ***答應***,undertake ***答應***。
2. 四個“想要”巧“安排”:
plan ***想要***,want ***想要***,mean ***想要***,desire ***想要***,arrange ***安排*** 。
3. “設法”“學會”“做決定”:
manage ***設法***,learn ***學會***,decide ***做決定***,determine ***做決定*** 。
4. “企圖”“假裝”要“選擇”:
attempt ***企圖***,pretend ***假裝***,choose ***選擇***。
5. “提供”“要求”別“拒絕”:
offer ***提供***,demand ***要求***,refuse ***拒絕***。
6. “威脅”“準備”不“失敗”:
threaten ***威脅***,prepare ***準備***,fail ***失敗***。
五
【妙語詮釋】
1. 第一句說明了動詞時態在學習過程中的重要性,同時強調在做動詞時態題時,首先要找出時間標誌詞,再根據時間確定動詞的時態。如:
① Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he ________ ***be*** busy.
答案是was。因為yesterday是一般過去時的標誌詞。
② Up to now, the program ________ ***save*** thousands of children who would otherwise have died.
答案是has saved。根據句首的Up to now可知,本句應用現在完成時。
2. 第二句強調做時態題的第二步是要找準句子的主語,然後根據主語的人稱和數來確定謂語動詞的單複數形式。如:
① Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only one of the women who ________ ***wear*** evening dress.
答案是wears。因為定語從句中主語who指代的是the only one of the women,所以謂語動詞用單數形式,同時根據主句時態可知在此應用一般現在時。
②—Is everyone here?
—Not yet ... Look, here ________ ***come*** the rest of our guests!
答案是come。因為主語是the rest of our guests,所以謂語動詞用複數形式,同時根據語境可知在此應用一般現在時。
3. 第三句強調我們在做時態練習題時,若碰到的是短文或對話,就要通過全文或上下句之間的時間關係來確定動詞的時態。如:
①—I’m sorry, but I don’t quite follow you. Did you say you wanted to return on September 20?
—Sorry, I ________ ***not make*** myself clear. We want to return on October 20.
答案是haven’t made。根據語境可知答話者沒有把自己的意思表達清楚,所以對方沒弄懂。故用現在完成時強調過去的動作對現在造成的影響和結果。
② In the spoken English of some areas in the US, the “r” sounds at the end of the words ________ ***drop***.
答案是are dropped。本句沒有任何表示時間的詞,但根據句意可知本句表示客觀事實,所以用一般現在時。
以上幾句順口溜從一個側面告訴了我們做時態練習題應注意的幾個核心:時間、主語和動詞。
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