高中英語高考知識點
2017高考英語正在緊張地備考中,英語有哪些知識點是需要你掌握的呢?接下來小編為你整理了,一起來看看吧。
:主語從句
主語從句是在複合句中充當主語的從句,通常放在主句謂語動詞之前或由形式主語it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。
1. It 作形式主語和it引導強調句的比較。
It 作形式主語代替主語從句,主要是為了平衡句子結構,主語從句的連線詞沒有變化。而it引導的強調句則是對句子某一部分進行強調,無論強調的是什麼成分,都可用連詞that。被強調部分指人是也可用who/whom。
例如:
It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film.
It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.
It is in the morning that the murder took place.
It is John that broke the window.
2. 用it 作形式主語的結構。
***1*** It is +名詞+從句
It is a fact that … 事實是…
It is an honor that …非常榮幸
It is common knowledge that …是常識
***2*** it is +形容詞+從句
It is natural that… 很自然…
It is strange that… 奇怪的是…
***3*** it is +不及物動詞+從句
It seems that… 似乎…
It happened that… 碰巧…
***4*** it +過去分詞+從句
It is reported that… 據報道…
It has been proved that… 已證實…
3. 主語從句不可位於句首的五種情況。
***1*** if 引導的主語從句不可居於複合句句首。
***2*** It is said , ***reported*** …結構中的主語從句不可提前。
例如:
It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week. ***right***
That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. ***wrong***
***3*** It happens…, It occurs… 結構中的主語從句不可提前。
例如:
It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. ***right***
That he failed in the examination occurred to him. ***wrong***
***4*** It doesn’t matter how/whether …結構中的主語從句不可提前。
例如:
It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not. ***right***
Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter. ***wrong***
***5*** 含主語從句的複合句是疑問句時,主語從句不可提前。
例如:
Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? ***right***
Is that will rain in the evening likely? ***wrong***
4. What 與that 在引導主語從句時的區別。
What 引導主語從句時在句時在從句中充當句子成分,如主語.賓語.表語,而that 則不然。
例如:
1*** What you said yesterday is right.
2*** That she is still alive is a consolation.
:同位語從句
同位語從句就是在複合句中作名詞的同位語的名詞性從句。
1. 同位語從句的功能。
同位語從句對於名詞進一步解釋,說明名詞的具體內容,一般由that引導。
例如:
1*** The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.
2*** The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.
2. 同位語在句子中的位置。
同位語從句有時可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞後面,而是被別的詞隔開。
例如:
He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.
3. 同位語從句與定語從句的區別。
***1*** 定語從句中的that既代替先行詞,同時以在從句中作某個成分***主語或賓語***,而同位語從句中的that是連詞,只起連線主句與從句的作用,不充當句中任何成分。
***2*** 定語從句是形容詞性的,其功能是修飾先行詞,對先行詞加以限定,描述定的性質或特徵;同位語從句是名詞性的,其功能是對名詞進行補充說明。例如:
1*** The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.***他告訴我的訊息是湯姆明年將出國。******第一個that引導的從句是定語從句,that在從句中作賓語***
2***The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.***湯姆將出國的訊息是他講的。******同位語從句,that在句中不作任何成分*** 。