英語四級閱讀提分練習和答案

　　下面是小編整理的，希望對大家有幫助。

　　I have had just about enough of being treated like a second-class citizen, simply because I happen to be that put-upon member of society—a customer. The more I go into shops and hotels, banks and post offices, railway stations, airports and the like, the more I'm convinced that things are being run solely to suit the firm, the system, or the union. There seems to be a harmful new motto ***格言*** for so-called "service" organizations—Staff Before Service.

　　How often, for example, have you queued for what seems like hours at the Post Office or the supermarket because there weren't enough staff on duty to man all the service grilles ***柵門*** of checkout counters? Surely in these days of high unemployment it must be possible to recruit cashiers and counter staff. Yet supermarkets, hinting darkly at higher prices, claim that enshrouding all their cash registers at any one time would increase overheads. And the Post Office says we cannot expect all their service grilles to be occupied "at times when demand is low. "

　　It's the same with hotels. Because waiters and kitchen staff must finish when it suits them, dining rooms close earlier or menu choice is curtailed. As for us guests, we just have to put up with it. There's also the nonsense of so many so friendly hotel night porters having been dismissed in the interests of "efficiency" ***i. e. profits*** and replaced by coin guzzling machines. Not to mention the coldness of the tea-making kit in your room: a kettle with an assortment of teabags, plastic milk cartons and lump sugar. Who wants to wake up to a raw teabag? I don't, especially when I am paying for "service".

　　21. The writer feels that nowadays a customer is_______.

　　A. one who is well served B. unworthy of proper consideration

　　C. classified by society as inferior D. the victim of modern service

　　22. In the writer's opinion, the quality of service is changing because_______.

　　A. the customer's demands have changed

　　B. the organizations receive more consideration than the customers

　　C. the customers' needs have increased

　　D. the staff are less considerate than their employers

　　23. According to the writer, long queues at counters are caused by ____.

　　A. difficulties in recruiting staff B. inadequate staffing arrangements

　　C. staff being made lazy D. lack of co-operation between the staff

　　24. Service organizations claim that keeping the checkout counters manned would result in

　　A. a rise in the price for providing services

　　B. demands by cashiers for more money

　　C. insignificant benefits for the customers

　　D. the need to purchase expensive equipment

　　25. The disappearance of old-style hotel porters can be attributed to the fact that______.

　　A. few people are willing to do this type of work

　　B. machines are more reliable than human beings

　　C. the personal touch is less appreciated nowadays

　　D. automation has provided cheaper alternatives

　　答案

　　21. D 22. B 23. B 24. A 25. D

　　When we analyze the salt salinity***鹽濃度*** of ocean waters, we find that it varies only slightly from place to place. Nevertheless, some of these small changes are important. There are three basic processes that cause a change in oceanic salinity. One of these is the subtraction of water from the ocean by means of evaporation. In this manner, the salinity is increased, since the salt stays behind. If this is carried to the extreme, of course, white salt would be left behind; this, by the way, is how much of the table salt we use is actually obtained.

　　The opposite of evaporation is precipitation, such as rain, by which water is added to the ocean. Here the ocean is being diluted ***稀釋*** so that the salinity is decreased. This may occur in areas of high rainfall or in coastal regions where rivers flow into the ocean. Thus salinity may be increased by the subtraction of water by evaporation, or decreased by the addition of fresh water by precipitation.

　　Normally, in hot regions where the sun is very strong, the ocean salinity is somewhat higher than it is in other parts of the world where there is not as much evaporation. Similarly, in coastal regions where rivers dilute the sea, salinity is somewhat lower than in other oceanic areas.

　　A third process by which salinity may be altered is associated with the formation and melting of sea ice. When seawater is frozen, the dissolved materials are left behind.. In this manner, seawater directly beneath freshly formed sea ice has a higher salinity than it did before the ice appeared. Of course, when this ice melts, it will tend to decrease the salinity of the surrounding water.

　　In the Weddell Sea, the densest water in the ocean is formed as a result of this freezing process, which increases the salinity of cold water. This heavy water sinks and is found in the deeper portion of the oceans of the world.

　　26. This passage mainly tells us about_______.

　　A. the analysis of the salinity of ocean waters

　　B. the causes of the variation in oceanic salinity

　　C. the importance of the changes in oceanic salinity

　　D. the different forms of salts in ocean waters

　　27.It can be known from the passage that increase in the salinity of ocean water is caused

　　by______.

　　A. melting of sea ice B. precipitation

　　C. evaporation D. supplement of salt

　　28.Which of the following is not the cause of the decrease in the oceanic salinity?

　　A. Precipitation. B. Rain and snow.

　　C. Formation of ice. D. Addition of water by rivers.