英語四級閱讀提分練習及答案

　　下面是小編整理的，希望對大家有幫助。

　　It is well known that when an individual joins a group he tends to accept the group's standards of behavior and thinking. Many illustrations ***例證*** could be given of this from everyday life, but what is of particular interest to psychologists is the extent to which people's judgments and opinions can be changed as a result of group pressure. Asch and others noticed that people in a group will agree to statements that are contrary to the evidence of their senses. It would be a mistake to think that only particular changeable people are chosen to take part in experiments of this type. Usually highly intelligent and independent people are used.

　　In a typical experiment, this is what may happen. The experimenter asks for volunteers to join a group which is investigating visual perception. The victims are not, therefore, aware of the real purpose of the experiment. Each volunteer is taken to a room where he finds a group of about seven people who are collaborating***合作*** with the experimenter. The group is shown a standard card which contains a single line. They are then asked to look at a second card. This has three lines on it. One is obviously longer than the line on the first card, one is shorter and one the same length. They have to say which line on the second card is the same length as the line on the standard card. The other members of the group answer first but what the volunteer does not know is that they have been told to pick one of the wrong lines. When his turn comes he is faced with the unanimous ***一致的 *** opinion of the rest of the group—all the others have chosen line A but he quite clearly sees line B as correct. What will he do? According to Asch, more than half of the victims chosen will change their opinion. What is equally surprising is that, when interviewed about their answers, most explained that they know the group choice was incorrect but that they yield to the pressure of the group because they thought they must be suffering from an optical illusion, or because they were afraid of being different.

　　26. The psychologists are particularly interested in_______.

　　A. the changes in the attitudes of the people

　　B. the degree of changes of people's opinions

　　C. the result of the experiment

　　D. the difference in people's characters

　　27. People who are usually chosen to take part in the experiments are_______.

　　A. stubborn and independent B. intelligent

　　C. ignorant and docile D. capable of reasoning

　　28. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

　　A. The experimenter and all the members of the group except the victim know the purpose of the experiment.

　　B. All of them know the purpose of the experiment.

　　C. Only the experimenter knows the purpose of the experiment.

　　D. Only the victim knows the purpose of the experiment.

　　29. More than half of the victims changed their opinion because_______.

　　A. someone in the group changed their opinion

　　B. they thought their eyes must be deceived

　　C. they thought the group choice was correct.

　　D. they had been told about the answer

　　30. The purpose of the author in writing this passage is to_______.

　　A. illustrate the influence of the group's pressure on individual's behavior

　　B. invite more volunteers to join in Asch's experiment

　　C. tell the audience how to perform psychological experiment

　　D. encourage people to act against the group's opinion

　　答案

　　26. B 27. D 28. C 29. B 30. A

　　As we know, it is very important that a firm should pay attention to the training of its staff as there exist many weak parts in its various departments. Staff training must have a purpose, which is defined when a firm considers its training needs, which are in turn based on job descriptions and job specifications.

　　A job description should give details of the performance that is required for a particular job, and a job specification should give information about the behavior, knowledge and skills that are expected of an employee who works in it. When all of this has been collected, it is possible to make a training specification. This specifies what the Training Department must teach for the successful performance of the job, and also the best methods to use in the training period.

　　There are many different training methods, and there are advantages and disadvantages of all of them. Successful training programmes depend on an understanding of the difference between learning about skills and training in using them. It is frequently said that learning about skills takes place "off the job" in the classroom, but training in using these skills takes place "on the job", by means of such activities as practice in the workshop.

　　It is always difficult to evaluate the costs and savings of a training programme. The success of such a programme depends not only on the methods used but also on the quality of the staff who do the training. A company can often check oh savings in time and cost by examining the work performed by the workers and technicians who have completed a training programme. The evaluation of management training is much more complex than that.

　　21. To be successful in our training programmes, we must understand the difference between______.

　　A. a job description and a job specification

　　B. what is taught and how it is taught

　　C. learning about skills and training in using them

　　D. the savings in time and the savings in cost

　　22. The success of a training programme depends on_________.

　　A. the places where the training takes place

　　B. the correct evaluation of the costs and savings of the programme

　　C. the performance of the workers and technicians trained in the programme

　　D. the training methods and the quality of the training staff

　　23. A training specification specifies_______.

　　A. the performance required for a certain job