大學英語六級閱讀理解訓練附答案

　　下面是小編整理的，希望對大家有幫助。

　　Early in the age of affluence***富裕***that followed World War II, an American retailing analystnamed Victor Lebow proclaimed, "Our enormously productive economy... demands that wemake consumption our way of life, that we convert the buying and use of goods into rituals,that we seek our spiritual satisfaction, our ego satisfaction, in consumption...We need thingsconsumed, burned up, worn out, replaced and discarded at an ever increasing rate."

　　Americans have responded to Lebow's call, and much of the world has followed.

　　Consumption has become a central pillar of life in industrial lands and is even embedded insocial values.

　　Opinion surveys in the world's two largest economies-Japan and the United

　　States-show consumerist definitions of success becoming ever more prevalent.

　　Overconsumption by the world's fortunate is an environmental problem unmatched in severityby anything but perhaps population growth. Their surging exploitation of resourcesthreatens to exhaust or unalterably spoil forests, soils, water, air and climate.

　　Ironically, high consumption may by a mixed blessing in human terms, too.

　　The time-honored values of integrity of character, good work, friendship, family andcommunity have often been sacrificed in the rush to riches.

　　Thus many in the industrial lands have a sense that their world, of plenty is somehow hollow-that, misled by a consumerist culture, they have been fruitlessly attempting to satisfy what areessentially social. psychological and spiritual needs with material things.

　　Of course,. the opposite of overconsumption-poverty-is no solution to either environmentalor human problems. It is infinitely worse for people and bad for the natural world too.Dispossessed***被剝奪得一無所有的*** peasants slash-and-burn their way into the rain forests ofLatin American, and hungry nomads ***遊牧民族*** turn their herds out onto fragile Africangrassland, reducing it co desert.

　　If environmental destruction results when people have either too little or too much, we arc leftto wonder how much is enough. What level of consumption can the earth support? When doeshaving more cease to add noticeably to human satisfaction?

　　在隨第二次世界大戰之後來臨的富裕年代的早期，有位名叫維克多·勒波的美國零售業分析師聲稱：“[1]我們巨大的、多產的經濟……要求我們把消費當做我們的生活方式，要求我們把商品的購買和使用變成生活習慣，要求我們在消費的過程中尋求精神滿足和自我滿足……我們需要以越來越快的速度消耗、燃掉、用掉、替換並扔掉物品。”

　　[1]美國人響應了勒波的號召，世界各地許多人緊隨其後。

　　[1]在工業社會，消費成為了生活的中心支柱，甚至還成為社會價值觀的一部分。[2]在日本和美國這兩個世界最大的經濟強國，民意強調錶明對成功從消費主義的角度所下的定義日益得到廣泛認同。

　　世界上那些幸運兒們的過度消費，成了一個極其嚴重的環境問題，其嚴重程度除人口增長之外沒有其他問題能與之相比。對資源的過度開發利用給人類帶來資源被耗盡的威脅，將使森林、土壤、水、空氣和氣候遭到不可逆轉的破壞。

　　具有諷刺意味的是，高消費的生活方式對人類好壞參半。[3]長期以來人們推崇的種種價值觀，如誠實的品德、好的工作以及友誼、家庭和社群等，都在追逐財富的過程中被犧牲掉了。

　　因此，[4]工業社會的許多人都覺得他們這個富足的世界不知怎麼地有些空虛了——由於消費文化的誤導，他們在試圖用物質來滿足社會上的、心理上的以及精神上的種種需求，結果毫無成效。

　　當然，進度消費的反面——貧窮——也決非環境問題或人類問題的解決之道。貧窮對人來說比富足更糟糕很多，對自然世界也有害。在拉丁美洲，被剝奪得一無所有的農民刀耕火種，一路破壞著雨林;而在非洲，飢餓的遊牧民族在貧瘠的草地上放牧，使它遂漸退化成沙漠。

　　[5]人們擁有的財富過多或者過少都會破壞環境，我們納悶究竟擁有多少才算足夠。地球能承受什麼樣的消費水平呢?什麼時候開始，擁有更多的財富不會明顯增加人們的滿足感呢?

　　1. The emergence of the affluent society after World War II__________.

　　A*** gave birth to a new generation of upper class consumers

　　B*** gave rise to the dominance of the new egoism

　　C*** led to the reform of the retailing system

　　D*** resulted in the worship of consumerism

　　2. Apart from enormous productivity, another important impetus co high consumptionis___________.

　　A*** the conversion of the sale of goods into rituals

　　B*** the people's desire for a rise in their living standards

　　C*** the imbalance that has existed between production and consumption

　　D*** the concept that one's success is measured by how much they consume

　　3.Why does the author say high consumption is a mixed blessing?

　　A*** Because poverty still exists in an affluent society.

　　B*** Because moral values are sacrificed in pursuit of material satisfaction.

　　C*** Because overconsumption won't last long due to unrestricted population growth.

　　D*** Because traditional rituals are often neglected in the process of modernization.

　　4.According to the passage, consumerist culture________.

　　A*** cannot thrive on a fragile economy

　　B*** will not aggravate environmental problems

　　C*** cannot satisfy human spiritual needs

　　D*** will not alleviate poverty in wealthy countries

　　5.It can be inferred from the passage that___________.

　　A*** human spiritual needs should match material affluence

　　B*** there is never an end to satisfying people's material needs

　　C*** whether high consumption should be encouraged is still an issue

　　D*** how to keep consumption at a reasonable level remains a problem

　　1.第二次世界大戰後富裕社會的出現_________。

　　A***導致新一代上層消費者的產生

　　B***導致新利己主義佔據主導地位

　　C***導致零售系統的改革

　　D***導致消費主義崇拜

　　[D]文章前幾段提到“Lebown呼籲我們生產力極高的經濟要求我們將消費作為我們的生活方式，將購買和使用商品看成是生活的慣例，並要求我們在消費中尋求精神滿足和自我滿足”，“美國人響應他的號召，世界上大部分人也尾隨其後”，“在工業國家中消費已成為生活的中心支柱，甚至滲透到社會的價值觀中”。而這種種均是二戰後富裕社會的出現帶來的結果，亦是崇尚消費主義的表現，因此D正確。

　　2.除了巨大的生產能力，導致高消費的另一個重要推動力是_______。

　　A***商品的銷售轉變為一種慣例

　　B***人們渴望生活水平提高

　　C***生產和銷售之間存在的不平衡

　　D***個人成功由他消費多少商品衡量這一觀念

　　[D]文章第3段提到“在日本和美國這兩個最大的經濟強國，民意調查表明對成功從消費主義角度所下的定義日益得到廣泛認同”，由此可見，“成功是由他們高消費多少來衡量的”這一概念對人們的高消費起著重要的推動作用。因此D正確。

　　3.為什麼作者說高消費好壞參半7

　　A***因為在富裕社會依然存在貧窮。

　　B***因為人們在追求物質滿足中捨棄了道德觀念。

　　C***因為在不受限制的人口增長情況下，過度消費不會長久。

　　D***因為在現代化過程中傳統慣例總是被忽視。

　　[B]文章第5段提到“長期以來人們推崇的種種價值觀，如誠實的品格、好的工作、以及友誼、家庭和社群等，都在追逐財富的過程中被捨棄了”，B是其中一個方面，因此B正確。