高中英語的關於語法的題型的答題技巧的介紹

　　高中的英語有很多的地方都會考查到語法，下面的小編將為大家帶來高中英語關於語法的圖形的答題的技巧介紹，希望能夠幫助到大家。

　　高中英語的關於語法的題型的答題技巧

　　一、非謂語動詞

　　語法測試中非謂語動詞約佔31.1%，平均每年近5道題，可謂是語法專案考查的重點，那麼非謂語動詞的考查都有哪些特點，解答時又應注意些什麼呢? 1、非謂語動詞考查特點

　　1*** 謂語動詞與非謂語動詞的判斷

　　對謂語動詞與非謂語動詞區別的考查主要集中在獨立主格結構，如：

　　All things ___ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train.***1999.1***

　　A. had been canceled B. have been canceled

　　C. were canceled D. having been canceled

　　四個選項中有三個是謂語動詞，只有D是非謂語動詞，只要同學們能判斷出這裡是非謂語動詞做狀語，則不用考慮時態的問題，答案自明。

　　2*** 謂語動詞後不定式與動名詞的選擇

　　謂語動詞後接不定式還是接動名詞也是四級語法測試中的一個題眼。如：

　　① I don't mind ____ the decision as long as it is not too late.

　　***2000.1***

　　A. you to delay making B. your delaying making

　　C. your delaying to make D. you delay to make

　　② Had I remembered ____ the windows, the thief would not have

　　got in.***1996.1***

　　A. to close B. closing

　　C. to have closed D. having closed

　　③ Your hair wants ______ . You'd better have it done tomorrow.

　　A. cut B. to cut C. cutting D. being cut***1997.6***

　　這類題涉及三個方面：

　　謂語動詞後應該接不定式還是動名詞?

　　即可接不定式又可接動名詞時，結構和意思上有何差別?

　　不定式與動名詞用主動形式還是用被動形式?

　　3*** 做定語的非謂語動詞的選擇

　　從近幾年的考查情況來看，對做定語的非謂語動詞的考查有兩種情況：

　　***1***對一般概念的考查，而不是固定結構中的非謂語動詞做定語。如：

　　① The project ____ by the end of 2000, will expand the city's

　　telephone network to cover 1,000,000 users.***1999.6***

　　A. accomplished B. being accomplished

　　C. to be accomplished D. having been accomplished

　　② If I correct someone, I will do it with so much good humor

　　and self-restraint as if I were the one ______.***1996.6***

　　A. to correct B. correcting

　　C. having been corrected D. being corrected

　　同學們只要掌握非謂語動詞做定語的一般的規律,就可以判斷①題答案為C，②題答案為D。

　　***2***對固定結構的考查，如：

　　① The professor could hardly find sufficient grounds _____ his

　　arguments in favor of the new theory.***2000.6***

　　A. to be based on B. to base on

　　C. which to base on D. on which to base

　　② The pressure _____ causes Americans to be energetic, but it

　　also puts them under a constant emotional strain.

　　A. to compete B. competing

　　C. to be competed D. having competed

　　①題為不定式做定語的固定形式，答案為D，②題為某些特定名詞的定語結構，答案為A。在英語中有些名詞，如動詞變來的名詞，形容詞變來的名詞，以及means, way, time, moment, reason等要求其後用不定式做定語，不定式沒有體的變化。

　　4*** 做狀語的非謂語動詞的選擇

　　做狀語的非謂語動詞主要考查其各種形式的選擇，如：

　　① ______ the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge of the earth.***1996.6***

　　A. Having believed 　　B. Believing 　　C. Believed 　　D. Being Believed

　　② _______ a teacher in a university, it is necessary to have at least a master's degree.***1995.1***

　　A. To become 　　B. Become 　　C. One becomes 　　D. On becoming

　　③ Realizing that he hadn't enough money and ____ to borrow from his father, he decided to sell his watch.***1995.1***

　　A. not wanted 　　B. no to want 　　C. not wanting　　 D. wanting not

　　④ ___ it or not, his discovery has created a stir in scientific circles.***1997.1***

　　A. Believe 　　B. To believe 　　C. Believing 　　D. Believed

　　從以上各題來看，考查的側重點有：

　　***1***狀語類別的判斷

　　不同的狀語對非謂語動詞的要求不同，目的狀語要求用不定式，如②。

　　***2***非謂語動詞與句子屬於之間的邏輯關係

　　根據主謂關係或動賓關係的不同來確定用現在分詞還是用過去分詞。

　　***3***非謂語動詞的否定形式

　　not否定非謂語動詞時置於非謂語動詞之前，如③。

　　***4*** 獨立成分

　　有些非謂語動詞的使用不受與句子主語關係的限制，稱為獨立成分，這類成分只記憶即可。如:

　　generally speaking, judging from..., to tell the truth..., 等。

　　5*** 做補足語的非謂語動詞的選擇

　　做賓語補足語的非謂語動詞受謂語動詞的限制，不同動詞後的賓語補足語形式要求不同。近幾年對各類賓補都有考查。如：

　　① They are going to have the service man ____ an electric fan in the office tomorrow.***1998.1***

　　A. install 　　B. to install 　　C. to be installed 　　D. installed

　　② After a few rounds of talks, both sides regarded the territory

　　dispute ______.***1998.6***

　　A. being settled 　　B. to be settled 　　C. had settled 　　D. as settled

　　③ You will see this product ____ wherever you go.***2000.6***

　　A. to be advertised 　　B. advertised 　　C. advertise 　　D. advertising

　　④ His remarks left me _____ about his real purpose.***1999.6***

　　A. wondered 　　B. wonder 　　C. to wonder 　　D. wondering

　　⑤ When I caught him ______ me I stopped buying things there and started dealing with another shop.***1997.1***

　　A. cheating 　　B. cheat 　　C. to cheat 　　D. to be cheating

　　⑥ The sale usually takes place outside the house, with the

　　audience _____ on benches, chairs or boxes.***2000.1***

　　A. having seated 　　B. seating 　　C. seated　　 D. having been seated

　　考查涉及到感官動詞後的賓語補足語，如③。

　　have, make, let, leave等特殊單詞後的賓語補足語。

　　regard類後面的賓語補足語

　　with獨立分句後面的

　　常用動詞後面的賓語補足語。

　　6*** 做表語的非謂語動詞的選擇

　　表語的考查多側重於分詞做表語形式的選擇，很少有動名詞的用法的考查，雖然選項中有不定式作為干擾項，只要能看出是做表語的也就不用考慮。如：

　　① The house was very quiet, ____ as it was on the side of the

　　mountain.***1999.6***

　　A. isolated 　　B. isolating 　　C. being isolated 　　D. having been isolated

　　② These surveys indicate that many crimes go _____ by the police,mainly because not all victims report them.***2000.6***

　　A. unrecorded 　　B. to be unrecorded 　　C. unrecording 　　D. to have been unrecorded

　　分詞做表語可以做系動詞be的表語，也可以做其它系動詞的表語，如go, feel,seem, look, remain等等。這些系動詞後非謂語動詞的餓用法規則是相同的。

　　7*** to作為介詞與作為不定式符號的選擇

　　to可以是介詞，也可以用來引導不定式，四級考試中對種類用法的考查也比較多。如：

　　① I have no objection _______ your story again.***2000.6***

　　A. to hear 　　B. to hearing 　　C. to having heard 　　D. to have heard

　　② The traditional approach ____ with complex problems is to break down into smaller, more easily managed problems.***1996.6***

　　A. to dealing 　　B. in dealing 　　C. dealing 　　D. to deal

　　③ The man in the corner confessed to _____ a lie to the manager

　　of the company.***1997.6***

　　A. have told 　　B. be told 　　C. being told 　　D. having told

　　這類考題的考查方式有兩種，一是四個選項中有兩個相對的選項to do something 和 to doing something，這時考查的自然是to的性質;另一種是to在題幹中，如③。

　　8*** 分詞前連詞的使用

　　分詞前連詞的使用是為了使分詞的作用更加明瞭，使考生更加準確地理解試題。考查有兩種情況

　　***1***根據連詞選擇適當的分詞形式

　　Michael used to look hurt and surprised when ______.***1995.1***

　　A. scolding 　　B. to scold 　　C. having scolded 　　D. scolded

　　when的使用說明非謂語動詞做時間狀語，答案不可能是B，從scold與句子主語間的邏輯關係來看，應該是動賓關係，答案應該是D。

　　***2***根據狀語的功能選擇不同的連詞

　　Careful surveys have indicated that as many as 50 percent of

　　patient do not take drugs ___ directed.***1996.1***

　　A. like 　　B. so 　　C. which 　　D. as

　　由上下文的意思可以看出，分詞所做的是方式狀語，連詞應該是as。

　　9*** 非謂語動詞的體

　　非謂語動詞中分詞的體有完成體和進行體，即having done, having been done和being done，完成體只用於做狀語的場合，而進行體可以用於做定語和做補足語。

　　動名詞的體也有having done, having been done和 being done的結構主要用於做主語和賓語的場合。

　　不定式的體有to be doing 和to have done，主要用於pretend, happen, seem, appear, be said to等結構中。如：

　　① The man in the corner confessed to _____ a lie to the manager of the company.***1997.6***

　　A. have told 　　B. be told 　　C. being told 　　D. having told

　　having told在句中做介詞賓語，表示動作發生在謂語動詞之前。

　　② I'd rather read than watch television; the programs seem ____ all the time.***1997.1***

　　A. to get worse 　　B. to be getting worse 　　C. to have got worse 　　D. getting worse

　　從all the time的使用可以推斷get worse是一個漸變過程，所以用不定式的進行體。

　　③ The speech _____ a lively discussion started.***1995.1***

　　A. being delivered 　　B. was delivered 　　C. be delivered 　　D. having been delivered

　　該結構屬於獨立主格結構做時間狀語，狀語分詞所表示的動作發生在謂語動詞之前，所以應該用完成體，答案為D。

　　10***動名詞複合結構

　　動名詞符合結構可以做主語、賓語和表語，在對動名詞的考查中總是將其邏輯主語包括進來，形成動名詞的複合結構：

　　① _____ in an atmosphere of simple living was what her parents

　　wished for.***1999.1***

　　A. The girl was educated 　　B. The girl educated

　　C. The girl's being educated　　 D. The girl to be educated

　　本題涉及題眼比較多，A，為從句做主語，但缺少that，D為不定式做主語，但缺少for***for the girl to be educated***，B結構不能做主語，答案是C，為動名詞的複合結構。

　　② Ann never dreams of _____ for her to be sent abroad very soon.

　　A. there being a chance 　　B. there to be a chance

　　C. there be a chance 　　D. being a chance

　　介詞後用動名詞，表示存在時必須用there be句型，所以答案為A，這也是動名詞複合結構，there為動名詞的邏輯主語。

　　③ I don't mind _____ the decision as long as it is not too late.

　　A. you to delay making 　　B. your delaying making

　　C. you delaying to make 　　D. you delay to make ***2000.1***

　　Mind要求接動名詞,動名詞的邏輯主語用形容詞性物主代詞，答案自然是B。

　　④ I would appreciate _____ it a secret.***1995.6***

　　A. your keeping 　　B. you to keep 　　C. that you keep 　　D. that you will keep

　　本題與上一題類似，答案是A。

　　2.非謂語動詞解題策略

　　1***正確判斷非謂語動詞

　　這類題一般出現在獨立主格結構中，如果在選項與句子之間沒有連詞，則說明，所選為獨立主格結構，既名詞或主格代詞 + 分詞。

　　All things ______, the planned trip will have to be called off.

　　A. considered 　　B. be considered 　　C. considering 　　D. having considered ***1998.6***

　　句子沒有連詞，說明所選結構不屬於從句，那麼就是獨立主格做狀語，根據動詞與其邏輯主語之間的關係為動賓關係，答案應該是A。

　　____, a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor.***1997.6***

　　A. Other things being equal 　　B. Were other things equal C. To be equal to other things D. Other things to be equal

　　做狀語的可以是從句，但B的結構是虛擬條件，與這裡不符，不表目的，C不對，不表將來，獨立主格中非謂語動詞不能是不定式，答案為A。

　　4*** 判斷動名詞複合結構的方式

　　主語位置上，或動詞、介詞後的"名詞代詞 + 非謂語動詞"，如果表示的是一個事件則是動名詞複合結構，而不是"名詞 + 定語。請看以下各例：

　　He insisted on the windows _____ open while he was sleeping.

　　A. left 　　B. being left　　 C. leaving D　　. be left

　　insist on後不接從句，D可以排除。這裡表達的是堅持要求"開著窗子睡覺"，所以應該是動名詞複合結構，答案為B。

　　The road __________ caused us to be for our work for half an hour.

　　A. blocked 　　B. was blocked 　　C. blocking　　 D. being blocked

　　做主語的表示上班遲到的原因，自然應該是"交通堵塞"，而不是"被堵的道路"，所以還是動名詞複合結構，答案為D。

　　The concerned mother thrilled at the news of his son _________ to college.

　　A. had been admitted 　　B. admitted 　　C. having been admitted 　　D. having admitted

　　訊息表達的應該是個事件，說明不是"被錄取的孩子"，介詞of後不可能接從句，說明of後為動名詞的複合結構，答案是C。

　　3*** 注意分析非謂語動詞與其邏輯主語之間的關係

　　正確判斷非謂語動詞與起邏輯主語之間的關係是正確選擇非謂語動詞形式的保證，不管是做什麼成分的非謂語動詞都體現以下特點：

　　如果非謂語動詞與邏輯主語之間是主謂關係，則用現在分詞;

　　如果非謂語動詞與邏輯主語之間是動賓關係，則用過去分詞;

　　如果表示將來，則用動詞不定式。

　　這是非謂語動詞運用的基本原則，然後再根據其不同的作用，掌握其更細的規則。如：

　　***1***做定語時

　　做定語的可以是動名詞、分詞或不定式。動名詞做前置定語，所構成的大多為固定短語，。主要考查分詞和不定式做定語。分詞或不定式做定語一般做後置定語。

　　① The project ____ by the end of 2000, will expand the city's

　　telephone network to cover 1,000,000 users.

　　A. accomplished 　　B. being accomplished 　　C. to be accomplished 　　D. having been accomplished

　　② Hard work ____ on time will lead to better grades.***1995.1***

　　A. done 　　B. be done 　　C. having done 　　D. to have been done

　　③ As early as 1647 Ohio made a decision that free, tax-supported schools must be established in every town _____ 50 households

　　or more.***1998.1***

　　A. having 　　B. to have　　C. to have had 　　D. having had

　　④ Those _____ to the conference were mostly famous scientists.

　　A. invited 　　B. were invited 　　C. inviting 　　D. to invite

　　做定語的非謂語動詞有一下幾種形式：

　　"doing 結構":分詞與中心詞之間是主謂關係,表示正在進行,或狀態。如③

　　"being done結構"：分詞與中心詞之間是動賓關係，表示被動和正在進行，如：No one is to enter the building being repaired.

　　"to be done結構"：不定式與中心詞之間是動賓關係，表示將來和被動，如①。

　　"done結構"：分詞與中心詞之間是動賓關係，表示被動、完成或一般，如②④。

　　"to do結構"：不定式與中心詞之間是主謂關係，表示將來。如：The professor to give us a speech tomorrow is said to have compiled many scientific works.

　　完成形式不能做定語，包括分詞的完成形式和不定式的完成形式。

　　***2***做狀語

　　做狀語的可以是不定式，也可以是分詞。大體結構有：

　　"doing 結構"：分詞與句子主語為主謂關係，表示與謂語動詞同時發生，或基本上同時發生，或是同時存在的狀態。如：

　　______ the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge of the earth.

　　A. Having believed 　　B. Believing 　　C. Believed 　　D. Being believed

　　"done結構"：只要分詞與句子主語間是動賓關係就可以用過去分詞，可以表示完成，可以表示正在進行，也可以表示條件。如：

　　_______ in this way, the situation doesn't seem so disappointing.

　　A. Too look at 　　B. Looking at 　　C. Looked at 　　D. To be looked at ***2000.1***

　　He came in, followed by a group of reporters.

　　"having done結構"：分詞與句子主語是主謂關係，切發生在謂語動詞之前。Having seen the film already, I declined his invitation to go to the cinema.

　　"having been done結構"：該結構表示完成被動，即分詞與句子主語之間是動賓關係，且發生在謂語動詞之前。如：Having been showed many times, he still didn't understand the operation of the machine.

　　"to do 結構"：這是不定式結構，在句中可以做目的狀語，也可以做結果狀語，但不定式動作總是發生在謂語動詞之後。如：

　　_______ a teacher in a university, it is necessary to have at least a master's degree.

　　A. To become 　　B. Become 　　C. One becomes 　　D. On becoming

　　表結果時一般為固定結構，如too …to…, enough to….，或是表示出乎意料的結果，常可加構成only to的結構。如：

　　I did what I could to comfort her only to make her cry even more. The next day, she woke to find herself in hospital.

　　"being done結構"：該結構表示被動與正在進行，一般置於句首，表示原因。如：Being chased by some spies, he hid himself in the grass.

　　***2***做表語

　　測試中對錶語的考查主要側重在現在分詞與過去分詞的區別上，所以對於做表語的非謂語動詞，主要看分詞與句子主語之間的關係。做表語的分詞一般只有doing和done兩種形式。現在分詞表示做表語的與主語是主謂關係;過去分詞表示做表語的與主語之間是動賓關係。根據使用規律，如果主語是無生命名詞，則表語分詞為現在分詞;如果主語是有生命名詞，以過去分詞居多，但也可以用現在分詞，但意思不同。如：

　　How disappointed he felt at the result of the election. ***他感到失望***

　　How disappointing he is. He should have failed in such an election. ***他令人失望***

　　可接表語的系動詞很多，除be外還有remain, feel, look, appear, seem, get, become, go。

　　***3***做補足語

　　一般做賓補的非謂語動詞動詞的形式選擇與其它成分中的非謂語動詞形式選擇規則基本相同。 doing結構：分詞與賓語構成主謂關係，表正在進行。

　　When I caught him ____ me I stopped buying things there and

　　started dealing with another shop.

　　A. cheating 　　B. cheat 　　C. to cheat 　　D. to be cheating

　　done結構：分詞與賓語構成動賓關係，表示被動與完成。

　　Don't get your schedule _____;stay with us in this class.***1996.1***

　　A. to change 　　B. changing　　 C. changed 　　D. change

　　to do 結構：不定式表示將來，如wish somebody to do, expect somebody to do, arrange for somebody to do等等。