初中英語代詞基礎語法
英語中的代詞有代表人物的,有用來指人物的,有表示不定數的,有用以發問的,也有用來表達關係的。接下來,小編給大家準備了,歡迎大家參考與借鑑。
代詞Pronoun—pron.
定義:用以代替名詞的詞叫做代詞。
代詞有代表人物的,有用來指人物的,有表示不定數的,有用以發問的,也有用來表達關係的。例如:
代表人物:I我,you你,she她,he他,it它,…
指人物:this這個,these這些,that那個,…
表不定數:some一些,other其餘,all全體…
發問:what什麼,which哪一個,…
表示關係:who,which,that,…
代詞在句子中的功能與名詞的功能相同。
1作句子的主語,例:
Helen is a student1.She goes to school by bus every day.
海倫是學生。她每天乘公共汽車上學。
2作句子的主語補語,例:
Who is there ?誰在那兒?
It’s me ,Tom .是我,湯姆。
3作及物動詞的直接賓語,例:
I see her at school every day.
每天我在學校都看到她。
4作介詞的賓語,例:
Helen is my good friend2.I go to school together3 with her every morning.
海倫是我的好朋友。每天早晨我都和她一起上學去。
擴充套件:句子的種類
1.應特別注意掌握的簡單句
1 有介詞的特殊疑問句
在特殊問句中,作為介詞賓語的疑問代詞可以與介詞分離,放在句首,而把介詞放在句尾。如:
Whom1 do you travel2 with?
當然,也可以把介詞放在句首。總之,不要把介詞丟掉。
2 有插入語的特殊疑問句
在特殊問句中,經常可以看到這樣的句子:
Where do you think they may go?
其中,do you think 是疑問式插入語,其餘部分是think的賓語從句。注意,疑問式插入語同句子的其餘部分不用逗號分開。疑問式插入語還有do you hope3, do you guess 等。
在肯定句中也有插入語。如:
That man, I guess, is neither4 a policeman nor5 a soldier6.
在肯定句的插入語要用逗號與句子的其他部分分開。去掉插入語,該句子仍然是個完整的句子。
2.並列句
並列句的考查重點是並列連詞。並列連詞有and, or, but, both… and, neither… nor, either… or, not only… but also…等。
3.複合句
複合句考查的主要內容是賓語從句、狀語從句和定語從句。
① 賓語從句
賓語從句的考查要點是:時態的呼應、人稱的一致、詞序等。
A.賓語從句的連線詞:
賓語從句本身是敘述句是,用that 引導。
He said7 that he would8 leave on March 12 next weeek.
賓語從句本身是特殊疑問句時,用疑問詞引導。
Do you know where we can find our teacher?
賓語從句本身是一般疑問句時,用if 或whether引導。
I don’t know if / whether9 he has done that.
B. 賓語從句與主句時態的呼應。
主句謂語是現在時和將來時的時候,賓語從句的動詞時態不受影響。如,It is said that the panda was11 sent to America last month.
主句是過去時態,從句謂語要做適當調整:
a 由現在時調整為過去時。
I didn’t know you were also here.
b 由將來時調整為過去將來時
He said that he would go to Beijing the next week.
c 過去時態多數不受影響,但“一般過去時”常調整為“過去完成時”,尤其是從句中有before, since13 一類的時間狀語時,多調整為“過去完成時”如:
She said she had14 worked at this school before her father came15 to this city.
② 狀語從句。
狀語從句有時間狀語從句常由when, while16, before, after, until17, as10 soon as等詞引導、地點狀語從句常有where 引導、原因狀語從句常有because, since, as 引導,這三詞所表達的語氣由because到as逐漸減弱,由why提出的問題必須用because 來回答, 條件狀語從句常由if引導、結果狀語從句常由such … that…, so…that…, so that等引導 、讓步狀語從句常由though, although引導。
③定語從句
其考查內容主要是正確使用關係代詞{who指人、that指人或物、which指物} , etc. 定語從句一般緊跟在修飾詞的後面,如:
She is the person20 who I want to see. 她就是我想見到的人。
有時,為了使句子平衡,也可把定語從句與所修飾詞分開。同學們還記得這樣一句話嗎?Then a screen21 came up that read, “Congratulations!” 這是第三冊第54課中的一個句子。
下面我們來看一些例子:
1. Do you know ___ ten years ago?
A. where does he live B. where he lives
C. where did12 he live D. where he lived
答案:D
2. He didn’t go home ___ he finished22 the work.
A. since B. if C. because D. until
答案:D
3. I was reading23 the newspaper ___ I heard a loud shout outside.
A. while B. when C. though18 D. as
答案:B
4. I don’t know the man ___ is cleaning the door.
A. that B. where C. what D. who
答案:D
5. I didn’t remember ___ the woman before.
A. where I had seen24 B. where I have seen
C. where had I seen D. where have I seen
答案:A
6. It was raining heavily25 ___ we got26 to Paris.
A. while B. if C. when D. because
答案:C
7. The plane hasn’t arrived. Can you tell me ___?
A. what time is the plane late B. why is the plane late
C. why the plane is late D. what time the plane is late
答案:C
8. I don’t know if ___tomorrow?
A. it doesn’t rain B. the rain will stops
C. the rains won’t stop D. it won’t rain
答案:D