主謂一致語法講解及練習題

  下面小編為大家帶來,歡迎大家學習

  一.概念:

  主謂一致是指:

  1 語法形式上要一致,即單複數形式與謂語要一致。

  2 意義上要一致,即主語意義上的單複數要與謂語的單複數形式一致。

  3 就近原則,即謂語動詞的單復形式取決於最靠近它的詞語,

  一般來說,不可數名詞用動詞單數,可數名詞複數用動詞複數。例如:

  There is much water in the thermos.

  但當不可數名詞前有表示數量的複數名詞時,謂語動詞用複數形式。例如:

  Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.

  二.相關知識點精講

  1.並列結構作主語時謂語用複數,例如:

  Reading and writing are very important. 讀寫很重要。

  注意:當主語由and連結時,如果它表示一個單一的概念,即指同一人或同一物時,謂語動詞用單數,and 此時連線的兩個詞前只有一個冠詞。例如:

  The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 鋼鐵工業對我們的生活有重要意義。

  典型例題

  The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.

  A. is  B. was  C. are  D. were

  答案B. 注: 先從時態上考慮。這是過去發生的事情應用過去時,先排除A.,C。本題易誤選D,因為The League secretary and monitor 好象是兩個人,但仔細辨別,monitor 前沒有the,在英語中,當一人兼數職時只在第一個職務前加定冠詞。後面的職務用and 相連。這樣本題主語為一個人,所以應選B。

  2. 主謂一致中的靠近原則

  1當there be 句型的主語是一系列事物時,謂語應與最鄰近的主語保持一致。例如:

  There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. 桌上有一支筆、一把小刀和幾本書。

  There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.班上有二十個男孩,二十三個女孩。

  2當either… or… 與neither… nor,連線兩個主語時,謂語動詞與最鄰近的主語保持一致。如果句子是由here, there引導,而主語又不止一個時,謂語通常也和最鄰近的主語一致。例如:

  Either you or she is to go. 不是你去,就是她去。

  Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. 給你筆、信封和紙。

  3.謂語動詞與前面的主語一致

  當主語有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等片語成的短語時,謂語動詞與前面的主語部分一致。例如:

  The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. 教師和一些學生在參觀工廠。

  He as well as I wants to go boating.他和我想去划船。

  4. 謂語需用單數的情況

  1代詞each以及由every, some, no, any等構成的複合代詞作主語時,或主語中含有each, every時, 謂語需用單數。例如:

  Each of us has a tape-recorder. 我們每人都有錄音機。

  There is something wrong with my watch. 我的表壞了。

  2當主語是一本書或一條格言時,謂語動詞常用單數。例如:

  The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. 《天方夜譚》是英語愛好者熟悉的一本書。

  3表示金錢,時間,價格或度量衡的複合名詞作主語時,通常把這些名詞看作一個整體,謂語一般用單數。例如:

  Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. 用三個星期來做準備。

  Ten yuan is enough. 十元夠了。

  5.指代意義決定謂語的單複數

  1代詞what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等詞的單複數由其指代的詞的單複數決定。例如:

  All is right. 一切順利。

  All are present. 人都到齊了。

  2集體名詞作主語時,謂語的數要根據主語的意思來決定。如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等詞後,謂語動詞用複數形式時強調這個集體中的各個成員,用單數時強調該集體的整體。例如:

  His family isn't very large. 他家成員不多。

  His family are music lovers. 他家個個都是音樂愛好者。

  但集合名詞people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情況下都用複數形式。例如:

  Are there any police around? 附近有警察嗎?

  3有些名詞,如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有時看作單數,有時看作複數。例如:

  A number of +名詞複數+複數動詞。

  The number of +名詞複數+單數動詞。

  A number of books have lent out.

  The majority of the students like English.

  6.與後接名詞或代詞保持一致的情況

  1用half of, most of, none of, heaps of, lots of, plenty of 等引起主語時,謂語動詞通常與of後面的名詞/代詞保持一致。例如:

  Most of his money is spent on books. 他大部分的錢化在書上了。

  Most of the students are taking an active part in sports. 大部分學生積極參與體育運動。

  2用a portion of, a series of, a pile of, a panel of 等引起主語時,謂語動詞通常用單數。例如: A series of accidents has been reported. 媒體報道了一連串的事故。

  A pile of lots was set beside the hearth. 爐邊有一堆木柴。

  3如 many a 或 more than one 所修飾的短語作主語時,謂語動詞多用單數形式。但由more than… of 作主語時,動詞應與其後的名詞或代詞保持一致。例如:

  Many a person has read the novel. 許多人讀過這本書。

  More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的學生來自這個城市。

  三.練習題及答案:

  1.I, who____ your friend, will try my best to help you with your English.

  A.am B.is C.are D.be

  2. The rich ____ not always happy.

  A.are B.is C.has D.have

  3. Neither Tom nor Jack and I ____ his students.

  A.are B.am C.is D.was

  4. Mary as well as her sisters ____ Chinese in China.

  A. are studying B. have studied C. studies D. study

  5. Neither my father nor I ____ at home.

  A.am B.is C.are D.be

  6. Not only my brother but also I ____ good at painting. Both of us ____ good painters.,

  A.are;are B.am;am C.ani;are D.is;is

  7. Every' boy and every girl ____ to attend the evening party.

  A.wish B.wishes C.is like D.like

  8. Over 80 percent of the population of China ____ peasants.

  A.was B.is C. would be D.are

  9. The population of China ____ larger than that of .any other country in the world.

  A.is B.are C.has D.have

  10. Every means ____ tried but without any result.

  A. have been B.is to be C.are to be D. has been

  11. Alice, together with two boys,____ for having broken the rule.

  A. was punished B. punished C. were punished D. being punished

  12. The League secretary and the monitor____ asked to attend the .meeting this afternoon.

  A.is B.was C.are D.is being

  13. The great writer and professor____.

  A. is an old man B. are both old men

  C. is an old man and a young man D. were two Chinese

  14. There ____ a pen, two pencils and three books on the desk.

  A.are B.is C.has D.have

  15. A large number of students in our class____ girls.

  A. are B. was C. is D. be

  16. The number of deer, mountain lions and wild roses ____ much if people leave things as they are.

  A. doesn' t change B.don't change C.change D.changed

  17. The Arabian Nights ____ well known to the English.

  A. is B. are C. was D. were

  18. Chairman Mao' s works ____ published.

  A. has been B.have been C.was D.is

  19. A chemical works____ built there.

  A. is to being B.have been C. were to D.has been

  20. The Olympic Games ____ held every ____ years.

  A.is;four B.are;four C.is;five D.are;five

  答案:

  1~5 AAACA 6~10 CBDAD 11~15 ACABA 16~20 AABDB