漢語什麼是及物動詞不及物動詞及物動詞和不及物動詞的區分
及物動詞雖是常見的動詞種類之一但其又具有特殊的一面,因為這樣的動詞一般後面必須跟賓語,有時候其結構還相當的複雜。下面是小編整理的漢語什麼是及物動詞不及物動詞,歡迎閱讀。
漢語什麼是及物動詞
在英語中按動詞後可否直接跟賓語,可以把動詞分成兩種:及物動詞與不及物動詞。字典裡詞後標有vi. 的就是不及物動詞。不及物動詞後不能直接跟有動作的物件***即賓語***。若要跟賓語,必須先在其後新增上某個介詞,如to,of ,at後方可跟上賓語。及物動詞可直接跟賓語。
所謂“及物”,“及”有“從後頭跟上、達到、關聯”等意,“及物”說明需要帶“物”來完成一個動作,也就是通常意義上的賓語,一般後面可直接加賓語的動詞,有被動形式;而不及物動詞是沒有被動式的,不可直接加賓語,需加上介詞,及物動詞後面可直接加賓語,而不及物動詞後面不可直接加賓語,一般要先加介詞後再接賓語。實際上很多動詞既是及物動詞,又是不及物動詞。0.0
及物動詞指可以接名詞·代詞·動名詞做賓語的動詞。
漢語什麼是不及物動詞
按動詞後可否直接跟賓語,可把動詞分成及物動詞***表示為vt***和不及物動詞***表示為vi***。
後面必須跟賓語意義才完整的實義動詞,叫做及物動詞,本身意義完整後面不須跟賓語的實義動詞,叫做不及物動詞。
及物動詞和不及物動詞的區分
概述
及物動詞 transitive verbs***vt.***
其實所謂“及物”,就是後面可直接加賓語的動詞,有被動形式,而不及物動詞是沒有被動式的,也不可直接加賓語,需加上介詞。 如see 看見 ***vt.*** +賓語 I can see a boy.
及物動詞後面可直接接賓語,不及物動詞後面不可直接接賓語,一般要加介詞後再接賓語。實際上很多動詞既是及物動詞,又是不及物動詞。舉一個例子,就說write。如I am writing.和I am writing a letter.在前一個句子write是不及物動詞,在後一個句子write是及物動詞。又如,see是及物動詞,但在特殊情況下如seeing is believing。 編輯本段示例
不及物動詞就是一個動作不能施加到另一個物體上,也就是後面不能加賓語。
例如:He is running. run這個動詞就是不及物動詞,後面不能加sth。***不能說跑什麼東西***
分清及物不及物動詞:
分清動詞的及物不及物是在英語學習中必須解決的首要問題。動詞及物與不及物通常有以下幾種情況:
a.主要用作及物動詞。
及物動詞後面必須跟賓語。可以用於:"主+謂+賓";"主+謂+雙賓";"主+謂+賓+賓補"結構。如:
He reached Paris the day before yesterday.
Please hand me the book over there.
They asked me to go fishing with them.
類似的還有:buy, catch, invent, found, like, observe, offer, prevent, promise, raise, find, forget, receive, regard, see, say, seat, supply, select, suppose, show, make, take, tell.... b.主要用作不及物的動詞。
不及物動詞後面不跟賓語。只能用於:"主+謂"結構。 This is the room where I once lived.
類似的還有:agree, go, work, listen, look, come, die, belong, fall, exist, rise, arrive, sit, sail, hurry, fail, succeed....c.既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的動詞,其意義不變。 如begin 都是作"開始"講。everybody , our game begins. let us begin our game. 類似的還有:start, answer, sing, close, consider, insist, read, learn, prepare, pay, hurt, improve....d.既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的動詞,其意義完全不同。 這類動詞作不及物動詞是一個意義;而作及物動詞時卻是另一個意義。如lift作不及物動詞時是指煙霧的"消散"。we saw the mountain when the clouds lifted. 作及物動詞時是"升高;舉起"。
He lifted his glass and drank.
類似的還有:beat vi.跳動 vt. 敲、打; grow vi.生長 vt. 種植 play vi.玩耍 vt. 打***牌、球***,演奏 smell vi.發出***氣味*** vt. 嗅 ring vi.***電話、鈴***響vt.打電話 speak vi.講話 vt. 說***語言*** hang vi. 懸掛 vt. 絞死 operate vi.動手術 vt. 操作 在英語錯誤中,“及物動詞+介詞+賓語”***transitive
verb+preposition+object***,是常見的一種。所謂及物動詞,就是謂語動詞***predicative verb***,不必通過介詞引薦賓語。相反的,不及物動詞***intransitive verb***是不帶賓語的。有許多動詞,雖然性質是及物的,但不一定要有賓語,如下列的①a和②a便是這種情形:
①a. We study every day.
b. Do you study English every day?
②a. Please write clearly next time.
b. Can you write your composition now?
如果本質上就是不及物動詞,就不會有賓語;若要賓語,就要借介詞之助,一起連用才行***不及物動詞+賓語+介詞***,如③b和④b;③a和④a是錯的;
*③a. The children are listening the music.
b. The children are listening to the music.
*④a. She is laughing the crippled man.
b. She is laughing at the crippled man.
反之,及物動詞不必靠介詞,就可以帶賓語,如上述的①b和②b ,又如⑤和 ⑥:
⑤ John is giving a book to me.
⑥ Who will answer this question?
如果無意中把介詞加上,就錯了,如:
*⑦ Who will answer to this question?
下列這句從房地產廣告中看到的句子,也犯了同樣的錯:
“We have many buyers awaiting for available units here.” “awaiting”是個及物動詞,後面的介詞“for”是多餘的,要去掉;不然把“awaiting”改為“waiting for”也行。
許多人習慣上喜歡把介詞加到及物動詞後面,然後才帶出賓語。最常見的是“emphasize/stress on/upon”和“discuss about”,如: ⑧ Singaporeans seem to have emphasized on material gains ⑨ In our education system, we stress upon examination results. ⑩ World leaders spent a lot of time discussing about worsening economic problems.
顯然的,這三句裡的介詞“on/upon”和“about”是多餘的,不必要的。
編輯本段錯誤
● The young must obey to their elders.
● Do not approach to that odd-looking man.
● The audience attacked on the rude speaker.
● Nothing can escape from his parents' eyes.
● Do you hope to serve for your nation?
● When did Susan marry with Paul?
介詞“to, on, from, for, with”都要去掉才對。
為什麼會有這些錯誤呢?主因是分不清楚及物動詞和不及物動詞的性質。其次,就是對同一個動詞及其名詞的句型有些混淆。解決之道有二。第一,要把“及物動詞+賓語”和“不及物動詞+介詞+賓語”劃分 編輯本段及物動詞***vt***與不及物動詞***vi***的區別
及物動詞與不及物動詞的區別從是否需要賓語來分,實義動詞分為及物動詞和不及物動詞兩類。
1***及物動詞 後面必須跟賓語意義才完整的實義動詞,叫做及物動詞***transitive verb***。如:
I believe that the committee will consider our suggestion.我相信委員會將會考慮我們的建議。
“How long can I keep the book ?”Harry asked.哈里問:“這本書我可以借多久?”
2***不及物動詞 本身意義完整後面不須跟賓語的實義動詞,叫做不及物動詞***intransitive verb***。如:
Birds fly.鳥會飛。
It happened in June 1932.這件事發生於一九三;年六月。
My watch stopped.我的錶停了。
She spoke at the meeting yesterday evening. 她在昨天晚上的會上發了言。
3***兼作及物動詞和不及物動詞 英語裡有不少實義動詞可以兼作及物動詞和不及物動詞。這樣的動詞又有兩種不同的情況:
a***兼作及物動詞和不及物動詞時,意義不變。試比較:
Shall I begin at once?我可以立刻開始嗎?***begin作不及物動詞*** She began working as a librarian after she left school.她畢業後當圖書館管理員。***began作及物動詞***
When did they leave Chicago?他們是什麼時候離開芝加哥的?***leave 作及物動詞***
They left last week. 他們是上週離開的。***left 作不及物動詞*** b***兼作及物動詞和不及物動詞時,有時意義不盡相同。如: Wash your hands before meals.飯前要洗手。
Does this cloth wash well? 這布經得起洗嗎?
4*** 與漢語的比較 有時英語動詞的及物和不及物的用法,與漢語的用法不一樣,請注意下列兩種情況:
a***有的動詞在英語裡只能用作不及物動詞,而漢語則可用作及物動詞,如arrive到達,agree同意,1isten聽。英語裡這些動詞後面常接介詞。如:
We arrived at the railway station at noon.我們於中午到達火車站。***at不能省去******比較:We reached the railway station at noon.*** Everybody listened to the lecture with great interest.每個人都很有興趣地聽講課。***to不可省去******比較:We all heard the lecture.*** Do they agree to the plan?他們同意這個計劃嗎?***to不可省去*** b***有的動詞在英語裡能用作及物動詞,而在漢語裡則不能用作及物動詞,如serve為„服務。
Our children are taught to serve the people wholeheartedly.我們的兒童被教以全心全意為人民服務
及物動詞後可以加賓語,不及物動詞後不可以加賓語!
如果你想要分得仔細一點就看下面的講解和例句!!
***一、*** 分清及物不及物:
分清動詞的及物不及物是在英語學習中必須解決的首要問題。動詞及物與不及物通常有以下幾種情況:
a.主要用作及物動詞。及物動詞後面必須跟賓語。可以用於:"主+謂+賓";"主+謂+雙賓";"主+謂+賓+賓補"結構。如:
He reached Paris the day before yesterday.
Please hand me the book over there.
They asked me to go fishing with them.
類似的還有:buy, catch, invent, found, like, observe, offer, prevent, promise, raise, find, forget, receive, regard, see, say, seat, supply, select, suppose, show, make, take, tell....
b.主要用作不及物的動詞。不及物動詞後面不跟賓語。只能用與:"主+謂"結構。
This is the room where I once lived.
類似的還有:agree, go, work, listen, look, come, die, belong, fall, exist, rise, arrive, sit, sail, hurry, fail, succeed.... c.既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的動詞,其意義不變。如begin 都是作"開始"講。everybody , our game begins. let us begin our game. 類似的還有:start, answer, sing, close, consider, insist, read, learn, prepare, pay, hurt, improve....
d.既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的動詞,其意義完全不同。 這類動詞作不及物動詞是一個意義;而作及物動詞時卻是另一個意義。如lift作不及物動詞時是指煙霧的"消散"。we saw the mountain when the clouds lifted. 作及物動詞時是"升高;舉起"。
He lifted his glass and drank.
類似的還有:beat vi.跳動 vt. 敲、打; grow vi.生長 vt. 種植 play vi.玩耍 vt. 打***牌、球***,演奏 smell vi.發出***氣味*** vt. 嗅 ring vi.***電話、鈴***響vt.打電話 speak vi.講話 vt. 說***語言*** hang vi. 懸掛 vt. 絞死 operate vi.動手術 vt. 操作
及物動詞不需要介詞
在英語錯誤中,"及物動詞+介詞+賓語"***transitive
verb+preposition+object***,是常見的一種。所謂及物動詞,就是謂語動詞***predicative verb***,不必通過介詞引薦賓語。相反的,不及物動詞***intransitive verb***是不帶賓語的。有許多動詞,雖然性質是及物的,但不一定要有賓語,如下列的①a和②a便是這種情形:
①a. We study every day.
b. Do you study English every day.
②a. Please write clearly next time.
b. Can you write your composition now?
如果本質上就是不及物動詞,就不會有賓語;若要賓語,就要借介詞之助,一起連用才行,如③b和④b;③a和④a是錯的;
*③a. The children are listening the music.
b. The children are listening to the music.
*④a. She is laughing the crippled man.
b. She is laughing at the crippled man.
反之,及物動詞不必靠介詞,就可以帶賓語,如上述的①b和②b ,又如⑤和 ⑥:
⑤ John is giving a book to me.
⑥ Who will answer this question?
如果無意中把介詞加上,就錯了,如:
*⑦ Who will answer to this question?
下列這句從房地產廣告中看到的句子,也犯了同樣的錯:
"We have many buyers awaiting for available units here." "Awaiting"是個及物動詞,後面的介詞"for"是多餘的,要去掉;不然把"awaiting"改為"waiting for"也行。
許多人習慣上喜歡把介詞加到及物動詞後面,然後才帶出賓語。最常見的是"emphasize/stress on/upon"和"discuss about",如:
⑧ Singaporeans seem to have emphasized on material gains. ⑨ In our education system, we stress upon examination results. ⑩ World leaders spent a lot of time discussing about worsening economic problems.
顯然的,這三句裡的介詞"on/upon"和"about"是多餘的,不必要的。 下面是些類似的錯誤:
● The young must obey to their elders.
● Do not approach to that odd-looking man.
● The audience attacked on the rude speaker.
● Nothing can escape from his parents' eyes.
● Do you hope to serve for your nation?
● When did Susan marry with Paul?
介詞"to, on, from, for, with"都要去掉才對。
為什麼會有這些錯誤呢?主因是分不清楚及物動詞和不及物動詞的性質。其次,就是對同一個動詞及其名詞的句型有些混淆。解決之道有二。第一,要把"及物動詞+賓語"和"不及物動詞+介詞+賓語"劃分清楚,如: I did not answer him./ I did not reply to him.
He reached Londan yesterday./ He arrived in London yesterday. 第二,把及物動詞轉化為名詞,然後加上適當的介詞和賓語,如: Don't approach such a person.
Is oral practice a good approach to language teaching?