英語什麼是定語表示法位置的規律
英語定語形式多樣,有前置定語、後置定語,還有定語從句,英語定語的翻譯也呈現出多樣化。用大量實用、生動的例句詳細分析了各種英語定語在漢譯過程中的轉換方法。英語什麼是定語呢？下面是小編整理的英語什麼是定語，歡迎閱讀。
英語什麼是定語
定語是用來修飾、限定、說明名詞或代詞的品質與特徵的。 主要有形容詞，此外還有名詞、代詞、數詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式短語、分詞、定語從句或相當於形容詞的詞、短語或句子都可以作定語。 漢語中常用‘……的’表示。
定語和中心語之間是修飾和被修飾、限制和被限制的關係。
在漢語中，中心語與定語二者之間有的需要用結構助詞“的”，有的不需要，有的可要可不要。 “的”是定語的標誌。在英語語法中，定語有許多的運用，需要遵循很多相關規律。
英語中定語位置的規律
在英語表達中，一個名詞常常會有一個或多個形容詞或名詞做定語來說明其性質、特徵、用途等。考生在解答與這種語言現象有關的題目時，常不知道怎樣確定多個定語的排列順序。本文擬從九個方面予以探討性解答，以資備考。
一、前位限定詞總在前面。
前位限定詞指many，much，any，some，no，alittle，afew等表示數量的形容詞，
數詞one，two，three
以及形容詞性的物主代詞my，his，her，⋯ ， 還有all，both，every等不定代詞。如：
1. many Chinese students
2. two exciting days
3. my favorite English songs
二、主觀詞+客觀詞。說話人對事物主觀性評價的定語在前，客觀性評價的定語在後。如：
1. our great powerful motherland，
2. the beautiful large garden,
3. a comfortable bright meeting-room,
4. any lovely clever children
三、序數詞+基數詞。碰到數詞定語時，一般地，序數詞在前，基數詞在後。如：
1. the first three newcomers,
2. the last few weeks
3. 一How was your recent visit to Qingdao?—It was great.We visited 8 friends, and spent the days at the seaside .
A.few last sunny B.1ast few sunny
C.1ast sunny few D.few sunny hst
答案B。
四、少音節詞+多音節詞。當幾個形容詞同時修飾一個名詞時，還可以根據行文習慣，通過音節的多少來確定定語的順序。如：
1 an old exalting story
2 my new Australian friend
3 two tall strong-looking policemen
4 a good effective method.
五、製作方式+材料+用途。當有幾個名詞做定語時，常以這種方式排列。如：
1 a handmade wood chair
2 a newly-built stone store house
六、“縣官行令殺國才”。該諧音語中的“縣”指前位“限定詞”，“官”指冠詞，“行”指表示事物形狀大小、長短、高矮等的詞，“令”指表示人或事物的年齡、新舊的詞，“殺”為“色”的諧音，指表示色彩的詞，“國”指國家、地區產地的詞，“才”指製作的材料。如：
1. all the long old white stone bridges
2. a high old grey stone building
3. her lovely children
應注意的是在運用中不一定這幾個定語同時出現，但順序卻是不變的。如：
1. all the long bridges
2. the old white walls
3. the widest Chinese river
4. a newly built Japanese factory
七、由such，so等構成的特殊短語做定語時，常有下列句型：
1such/what/quite +aan+adj.+ n.
2so/too/how/as+ adj. +aan+ n.
3亦可有句型：aan+quite/rather+ adj. an+ n,如：
1. It is such a beautiful day，isn’t it?
2. How beautiful a country China is!
3. You are as brave a boy as the little hero, aren't you?
4. It was quite a cold daya quite cold day.
八、定語後置情況。
1不定代詞的定語要後置。如：
1. Is there anything nice recently?
2. The boy found something strange in that room.
2副詞做定語要後置。某些表示地點、方位、時間的副詞作定語時，通常要後置。常見作後置定語的副詞有：back, here, there, above, below,，abroad，in，out，before，yesterday，downstairs, upstairs等等。如： 1 I bought it on my way home. Who else wants to try? 2 The people there are very polite to visitors. 3 The air here is very fresh. 這兒的空氣很新鮮。 4 Listen to the tape and fill in the correct information in the space below. 5 The people there are very friendly. 那裡的人們非常友好。
6 The child was lost in the crowd and couldn’t find the way back.那個孩子在人群中迷路了，找不到回去的路了。 7 When do you think the inventions in the pictures above were made? 你認為上面圖片裡的物體是什麼時候發明的? 8 The man downstairs got home very late that night.樓下的那個人那天晚上回來得很晚。 9 It had been fine the day before. 前一天的天氣很好。
10Please fetch me the electric shaver from the room downstairs.請幫我把樓下房間裡的電動剃鬚刀拿來。
11 It is for the people on the floors.
3短語構成的定語要後置。如：
1. I've got a letter to type out.
2. He’s such a man—easy to get along with.
4以a一開頭的形容詞常做表語，做定語時後置。常用形容詞有alone，alive，awake，asleep等。如：
1. There stood a high tower—alone on the bank of the lake.
2. The boy caught a strange fish—alive in the pond now.
九、由數字構成的複合形容詞做定語。如：
1. She has an eight-year-old brother.前置定語
2. She has a brother of eight years old.後置定語
3. They built a five-hundred-meter-long bridge over the river.
4. They built a bridge of five hundred metres over the river.
應當注意的是，有連字元時前置，不管數字是多少，名詞要用單數，後置定語時去掉連字元，名詞用複數。
鞏固性小練習
1There’s— — with my watch.I'll have it repaired.
A.anything wrong B.something wrong
C.wrong anything D.wrong something
2The_____policemen are very kind to the visitors.
A.British tall young B.British young tall
C.tall British young D.tall young British
3Helen is reading_____story when the teacher carne secretly close to her desk.
A.a detective old exciting
B.an old detective exciting
C.an old exciting detective
D.an exciting old detective
答案：B D C
參考文後：定語後置現象小結:
十、名詞做定語應注意的問題
1名詞用做定語時，通常以單數形式出現即使這個作定語的名詞有複數意義也是這樣。例如：
book store書店tooth brush牙刷
newspaper reporter
traffic lights交通燈
coffee cup咖啡杯
gold watch金錶
stone bridges 石橋
winter vacation寒假 night school夜校
枷friend女朋友 work planT作計劃
2有些總是以複數形式出現的名詞，在用做定語時，也往往用其單數形式。例如： trouser pocket褲兜
trouser legs褲腿
a trouser factory褲子工廠
shoe shop鞋店
shoelace鞋帶
shoemaker制[補]鞋工人, 鞋鋪老闆
3但是sports，goods，customs，arms，savings和accounts等名詞做定語時，仍用複數形式。例如：
sports meet運動會
customs officer 海關官員
goods-train 貨車
savings bank儲蓄銀行
4一些以. cs結尾的單數名詞做定語時，詞尾不變;一些以一S結尾的單數名詞用做定語時，仍用原來形式，詞尾不變。例如：
politics professor 政治教授
physics teacher物理教師
news reporter新聞指導員
5當數詞與單位名詞一起用做定語時，單位名詞應用單數形式。例如：
five miles’-——a five-mile walk
two hours’------- a two-hour plan
fifteen years’——a fifteen-year-old boy
thirty pounds’——a thirty-pound note
注意：名詞做形容詞表示單位用單數形式。例如：
a nine~storey building一座九層大樓
two twenty-inch rulers兩把二英尺長的尺子
6man和woman作定語
若將man, woman置於名詞前作定語，則man, woman的數應與其後名詞的數一致。如： a woman teacher 一位女教師
two women teachers 兩位女教師
a woman doctor女醫生
two women doctors兩位女醫生
a woman athlete; 女運動員;two women athletes; 兩位女運動員;
a woman electrician. 女電工技師
two women electricians. 兩位女電工技師a man cook men cooks 男廚師
十一、定語後置現象小結:
定語大多放在被修飾中心詞的前面，但也存在不少的後置現象，
一形容詞作後置定語的幾種情況
1. 當形容詞修飾由 any-, every-, no-, some- 和 -body,-one, -thing 等構成的複合不定代詞時，形容詞需要後置。
2. 當形容詞修飾起名詞作用的 anywhere ， somewhere 時，通常後置。
3. 以 -able 或 -ible 結尾的形容詞一般充當後置定語，表示暫時的特徵或現象，而且中心名詞前大多有形容詞最高階或 all, only, every 等。
4. 以字母 a- 開頭的表語形容詞，如 asleep, awake, afraid, afloat, alive 等作定語時，通常後置。
5. else 修飾疑問代詞時，須後置。
6. 當形容詞前有 so, more, most 等詞修飾時，常後置。
7. 形容詞短語通常後置，其功能相當於一個定語從句。
8. 兩個或兩個以上的形容詞用 and 或 or 連線作定語，表示強調意義時要後置。
9. 形容詞比較結構須後置定語。
10. 有些形容詞作前置定語時和後置定語時所表達的意義不同。
二副詞 here, there, in, out, above, below, home, abroad, before, yesterday 等作定語時，需要後置。
三介詞短語作定語時須後置。
四、動詞不定式短語作定語時須後置。
五單個分詞包括現在分詞和過去分詞作定語時，如果強調的不是永久的特點，而僅是分詞本身的動作時，通常後置;分詞短語則須作後置定語。例如：
六定語從句通常用作後置定語。
英語定語表示法
一、 名詞作前置定語
名詞作前置定語應注意：
1. 通常表示在以下幾種情況。
1 中心詞的用途或功能: a milk bottle, eye drops
2發生的時間: an evening party, birthday card, summer vacation
3 處所: Tsinghua University, Tian An Men Square, Nanjing Road
4 性別或身份: a boy friend, a baby kangaroo
5 性質或類別: the paper tiger, the time table
2. man和woman作定語時應注意其單複數形式。
例a man doctor---men doctors 男醫生
a woman engineer---women engineers 女工程師
3. 表示時間、距離、國家、城市、團體等的名詞作定語可以用加’s所有格的形式。
例today’s newspaper, ten minutes’ walk, China’s industry
4. 某些名詞如sports, goods, clothes, sales等作定語時只用複數。
例a sports car 一輛跑車
a sales manager 一位銷售經理
5. 名詞作定語和所有格作定語的區別。
例girl friend 女朋友---the girl’s friend 那位女孩的朋友
women drivers 女司機--- the woman’s driver 那位婦女的司機
1. The_____ is just around the corner and you won’t miss it.
A. bicycle’s shop B. bicycle shop C. bicycle shops D. bicycles’ shop
2. He dropped the____ and broke it.
A. cup of coffee B. coffee’s cup C. cup for coffee D. coffee cup key BD
注：名詞作定語修飾另一名詞，若前後兩個名詞都是人或物時，一般不用’s所有格形式。 例 My brother takes care of the vegetable garden.
Today country music has returned.
二、 分詞作前置定語或後置定語
分詞作定語時：
1. 應注意它與被修飾的名詞之間的關係。現在分詞與被修飾名詞構成主謂關係;過去分詞則與被修飾名詞構成動賓關係。因此，現在分詞帶有主動和進行的意義，過去分詞帶有被動和完成的意義。
2. 一般地說，單個分詞作定語時，放在被修飾的名詞之前作前置定語;分詞短語作定語時，則放在被修飾的名詞之後作後置定語。
例 a developing country 發展中國家
a developed country 發達國家
The boy singing now is a classmate of mine.
1. The disc, digitally _________ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night.
A. recorded B. recording C. to be recorded D. having recorded
2. The picture_____ on the wall is painted by my nephew.
A. having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung
3. The Olympic Games, _____in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912.
A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be first playing
key ABC
三、動名詞作前置定語
動名詞和現在分詞的形式一樣，都由動詞+ing構成，都可作定語，動名詞所修飾的一般是物，表示所修飾名詞的用途、性質或功能，具有名詞的性質，它同所修飾的名詞間不存在主謂關係。
例a walking為動名詞 stick=a stick which is used for walking
an ironing為動名詞 board=a board which is used for ironing
a sleeping 為現在分詞 boy=a boy who is sleeping 在睡覺的男孩
a sleeping 為動名詞 bag=a bag which is used for sleeping 睡袋
四、動詞不定式作後置定語
動詞不定式作定語應注意：
1. 表示將要發生的動作，有時根據句意需要加上介詞，這時介詞不能省略，因為被修飾的名
詞是它的賓語。
例The farmers thought of ways to protect their crops.
We have only a small cold room to live in.
2. 用於修飾被序數詞、最高階或no, all, any等限定的中心詞。
例 Marie Curie became the first woman in France to be a university professor.
She was the first person in the word to receive two Nobel Prize.
He was the best man to do the job.
3. 根據不同的句意，不定式可用主動語態或被動語態。
例 Have you got anything to post? post的動作執行者是“你”
Have you got anything to be posted?post的動作執行者是“我”或“別人”
There are some plates to wash to be washed.
1. I’m going to the supermarket this afternoon. Do you have anything______?
A. to be buying B. to buy C. for buying D. bought
2. She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role_______ in making the earth a better place to live.
A. to have played B. to play C. to be played D. to be playing key BB
五、形容詞作前置定語或後置定語
1. 多個形容詞修飾一個名詞時，與該名詞關係密切的、反應名詞最本質的形容詞最靠近該名詞，一般排序如下： 限定詞+數量形容詞+描繪性形容詞+大小、長短、高低等形容詞+ 新舊、老幼形容詞+ 顏色+ 國籍+ 材料+ 被修飾的名詞。
2. 形容詞修飾以-body,-one,-thing,-where結尾的複合不定代詞，常作後置定語。
例 I have something important to tell you.
We didn’t meet anybody new at the party.
3. 多數以a-開頭的形容詞，如afraid, alive, alone, asleep, awake, ashamed, alike等只能作後置定語。
Until recently, the only milu deer alive in the world belonged to the Duke of Bedford in English.
1.---How was your recent visit to Qingdao?
---It was great. We visited some friends, and spent the____ days at the seaside.
A. few last sunny B. last few sunny C. last sunny few D. few sunny last
2. ________students are required to take part in the boat race.
A. Ten strong young Chinese B. Ten Chinese strong young
C. Chinese ten young strong D. Young strong ten Chinese
3. John Smith, a successful businessman, has a _______ car.
A. large German white B. large white German
C. white large German D. German large white
4. The house smells as if it hasn’t been lived in for years.
A. little white wooden B. little wooden white
C. white wooden little D. wooden white little
5. This_______ girl is Linda’s cousin.
A. pretty little Spanish B. Spanish little pretty
C. Spanish pretty little D. little pretty Spanish
key BABAA
六、數詞作前置定語
數詞作定語應注意：
1. 基數詞與序數詞連用時，序數詞通常在前。
例 the first five pages of the book 這本書的前五頁
2. 序數詞前通常加定冠詞the，表順序，但也可以加不定冠詞a/an，表示“又，再”。 例Try a second time and you’ll succeed. 再試一次，你會成功。
1. Many students signed up for the______ race in the sports meeting to be held next week.
A. 800-metre-long B.800-metres-long C. 800 metre length D.800 metres length
key A
七、代詞作前置定語
形容詞性物主代詞、指示代詞、不定代詞修飾名詞都作前置定語。
1.---Have you finished your report yet?
---No, I’ll finish it in_____ ten minutes.
A. another B. other C. more D. less
2. ---Can you come on Monday or Tuesday?
---I’m afraid day is possible.
A. either B. neither C. some D. any
key AB
注：another和more的用法：another+數詞+名詞，而數詞+more+名詞。
another two hours
two more hours
八、副詞作後置定語
副詞修飾名詞作定語時常後置，常見的副詞here, there, out, up, down, home, abroad, together 等。
例 The peasants there are very friendly.
I met Mr. Wang on my way home.
九、介詞短語作後置定語
介詞短語修飾名詞或代詞只能作後置定語。 如例 The girl in a red coat is my sister.
One of the most important temples in danger was the one at Abu Symbol.
Nowhere else in the world can there be such a quiet, beautiful place.
十、從句作後置定語
1先行詞的選擇;
2非限制性定語從句的判斷及先行詞的使用;
3定語從句與其他從句的區別。解題時應注意分析具體的語義、語境及句子結構，首先應判斷先行詞在句中擔當何種成分，再選擇不同的關係代詞或副詞。
1. There are two buildings; _____ stands nearly a hundred feet high.
A. the larger B. the larger of them C. the larger one that D. the larger of which
2. The place_______ the bridge is supposed to be built should be________the cross-river traffic is the heaviest.
A. which, where B. at which, which C. at which, where D. which, in which
3. Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer______ it was 20 years ago, ______ it was so poorly equipped.
A. what, when B. that, which C. what, which D. which, that
4. His sister has become a lawyer, _____she wanted to be.
A. who B. that C. what D. which
5. There were dirty marks on her trousers____ she had wiped her hands.
A. where B. which C. when D. what
6. ____is often the case, we have work out the production plan.
A. Which B. When C. What D. As
key DCADAD
注：as引導的非限制性定語從句的位置比較靈活，可位於句首、句中、句末，而which在定語從句中可以作主語或賓語，不能位於句首。
II定語的後置
在英語中，如果定語是由一個單詞表示時，通常要前置。而由一個片語或一個句子表示時，通常則後置。而以下情況是由單個單詞作定語並後置的幾種現象。
一、形容詞enough作定語，而著重點又是強調它所修飾的那個名詞，或者它所修飾的名詞起形容詞作用且前面不加冠詞時，通常要後置。例如：
I haven't time enough to do the work.我沒有足夠的時間做那件工作。
He hasn't man enough to admit his mistake.他沒有勇於認錯的大丈夫氣概。
二、當定語是一個形容詞，它所修飾的是由any-,every-, some-等跟-body, -one,-thing構成的複合代詞時，通常後置。例如：
There is some- thing important in today's newspaper.今天的報紙上有條重要新聞。
He wanted to get someone reliable to help in this work.他想找個可靠的人幫忙做這項工作。
三、它所修飾的詞前面有用以加強語氣的the one等之類的詞語時須後置。定語由形容詞表示，它所修飾的詞是起名詞作用的anywhere, somewhere等時，也須後置。例如： This is the one thing needful.這是唯一需要的東西。
Can you find anywhere quiet?你能找個清靜的地方嗎?
He has been sent to somewhere particular.他被派到某個特定的地方去了。
四、定語由here, there, in, out, home, above, below, abroad, before, yesterday等副詞充當時，往往要後置。例如：
He is on his way home.他在回家途中。
Can you tell me something about the social system there?你能給我講講那裡的社會制度嗎?
It had been fine the day before.前一天的天氣很好。
五、定語為現在分詞或過去分詞時，如果它強調的不是比較永久的特點，而是分詞本身的動作，則通常要後置。例如：
Most of the people singing are the students.唱歌的人多數是學生。
Their high standard showed the progress made.他們的高水平表明瞭他們取得的進步。
六、定語由某些以-able或-ible結尾的形容詞充當時，有時也後置。這類後置定語有時只表示暫時的特徵、現象等。例如：
It's the only solution possible.這是唯一可能採取的解決辦法。
Are there any tickets available?還有票嗎?
That's the only star visible now.那是顆現在唯一可見的星。
七、有些只具有表語功能的形容詞作定語時，必須後置。例如：
He was the only person awake at the moment.他是那時唯一醒著的人。
He is one of the few workers alive today who took part in the strike.他是參加過這次罷工還活著的少數工人之一。
八、else用來修飾複合代詞、疑問代詞等時，必須後置。例如：
Little else remains to be done.沒有剩下什麼事要做的了。
Who else wanted to go there?還有誰想去那兒?
九、在某些固定搭配中，單詞作定語也常常要後置。例如： the sum total總數 secretary general祕書 the third person singular第三人稱單數