主謂一致的用法精講

　　以下是小編為大家整理的主謂一致的用法，希望能幫助大家更好的運用主謂一致這個句型結構。

　　主謂一致通常遵循三條原則：語法一致、意義一致和鄰近一致

　　1、語法一致原則，即按主語的語法形式***單複數***確定謂語的形式。單三主語，對中國學生來講，在學習和使用英語的過程中，主謂一致的難點是如何正確識別主語的單三，單三作主語範圍廣，有些情況還比較複雜，因此在人稱和數的考察中，單三作主語要求主謂一致就成了命題的重點。主語為單三的情況歸納為：。

　　⑴當單數名詞充當的主語被修飾詞或短語與謂語分開時，謂語用單數形式***即單三名詞出現在句首，後面緊跟with…，together with…，along with…，accompanied by，like…，except…，but…，no less than…，等短語***

　　eg. The actress, along with her manager and some friends, is going to a party tonight.

　　Mary, accompanied by her brother, was warmly welcomed by the audience.

　　⑵含every，no，some，any的複合代詞，如：everyone，nobody，something，anything等後的動詞應是單數。

　　eg. Everybody has expressed his/their determination.

　　⑶***every，each，no，any，another，many a，more than one***+單數名詞作主語，謂語應為單數。

　　eg. Many a student is……

　　No problem is harder to solve than this one.

　　⑷代詞either，neither，one作主語，總是單三。

　　eg. If either of you takes a vacation now, we’ll not be able to finish the work.

　　⑸由動名詞、不定式及其短語，名詞性從句和其它短語作主語時，謂語都用單數形式。

　　eg. Writing many letters makes her happy.

　　What interests them most is better pay and working conditions.

　　Early to bed and early to rise is a proverb.

　　⑹much，little，a little，only a little，quite a little，much more，a great deal of，an amount of，a quantity of 等詞語只能修飾不可數名詞，全是單三;而a lot of ，lots of，plenty of 等詞語既可修飾可數名詞，也可以修飾不可數名詞。當修飾不可數名詞時，應列入單三。

　　⑺由and或是both…and 連線的兩個***或以上***的成分做主語時，謂語要用複數形式。

　　eg. Spring and autumn are lovely seasons in the year.

　　*有的主語雖有and 連線，但僅指一件事或一個人，and後面的那個名詞前，沒有冠詞，謂語應該用單數。

　　eg. The bread and butter is served for breakfast.

　　My best friend and adviser has changed his mind again.

　　*用and連線的單數主語前面有each，every，many a，no等修飾時，謂語用單數。

　　eg. Many a boy and many a girl has seen it.

　　No sound and no voice is heard for a long while.

　　2、意義一致原則，即按意義而不按形式來確定主語的單複數以及謂語動詞的單複數。

　　⑴表示時間、重量、長度、價值等數目、計量的名詞片語作整體看待時，謂語用單數。

　　eg. Five pounds does not buy as much as it used to.

　　⑵集體/合名詞，如congress，family，group，class，committee，organization，team，army，club，crowd，government，public，staff，audience，crew等，用作單數還是複數，需視具體情況而定，黨只得是整體而不側重個體時，謂語用單數。

　　eg. The whole family is going to move to another city.

　　Our team is sure to win the game.

　　⑶以-s結尾的單數意義的名詞，以-ics結尾的學科名詞作主語時，謂語用單數。如：news，politics，physics，otics，mumps***腮腺炎***，measles***麻疹***，the United States等。

　　eg. The New York Times is being published here.

　　以上均為形式上是複數而意義上為單數。

　　⑷有些名詞形式上是單數，而意義上是複數，這類詞作主語時，謂語總用複數。如：people，crew，folk，police，cattle，poultry***家禽***等。

　　eg. Our poultry are kept in the garden.

　　The crew abandoned the ship after a hard struggle.

　　3、鄰近一致原則：即要求動詞與最近的並列成分保持的一致。

　　⑴用並列連詞or，either…or，neither…nor…，not only…but also…連線的兩個名/代詞作主語時，謂語的單複數要與鄰近它的主語一致。

　　eg. Not only you but also I am to blame.

　　Neither the students nor the teacher is going to the class today.

　　He or you have taken my pen by mistake.

　　而as well as連線的兩部分詞語作主語，情況正相反。

　　eg. He, as well as I, ___a football fan. is/ am/ are/ were

　　⑵以all，most，more，any，none，half，the rest，the remainder等不定代詞作主語時，多用作複數，但也可用作單數，其謂語動詞的形式既可採用意義一致原則，也可採用鄰近一致原則。All***most,some,any***0f…作主語時,謂語動詞的數取決與of後面的名詞。

　　eg. All of the fruit looks ripe.

　　All of the cherries are red.

　　Some of the mike is spilt.

　　Some have finished eating.

　　All is here.

　　All are present.

　　None of these materials are conductor. are/ is/ has/ was

　　None of them is a good singer. are/ is/ were/ was

　　⑶百分數、分數+of…短語，或some of…，all of…, most of…，half of…，the rest***of…***，a proportion of…等詞語作主語，關鍵在於of後的名詞是單數還是複數，或根據上下文判定它們所指代的名詞是單複數。

　　eg. More than 70 percent of the surface is covered with water.

　　More than 70 percent of the students live on campus.

　　Some of the machinery needs to be repaired.