閱讀題型之細節題
一、細節題來源：
細節題就是針對文章中的細節所出的考題。這些事實和細節主要包括：主要人物、主要事件、主要情節、主要過程、主要的原因和結果、主要的資料、主要的時間和地點。
有一些方法可以準確地找到細節和事實：
A．找到中心思想，那麼支援中心思想的事實與細節就自然顯現出來了。
B．要明確所有事實和細節並不是同等重要的。與中心思想相聯絡的事實和細節是重要的事實和細節；與中心思想無關，只是引起興趣的事實和細節是次要的事實和細節。要把重要的事實和細節分開，因為，出題的地方一般是重要的事實與細節，這樣次要的部分就可以略去不閱讀了。
C．尋找段落的構成及資訊的排列形式。
D．要把作者的觀點與事實分開。
F．最後，要迅速地檢查一下所找到的事實與細節，並加以總結。
細節題主要命題方式有：
According to the passage，it is…that…
The author describes…as…because…A chief factor in…is
根據分類，細節題一般有以下幾種形式：
1．詞性、同義詞、反義詞的轉換，這類題主要考查讀者對原文表達細節資訊的詞彙、慣用法的正確理解，這是相對比較簡單的題目，只要在原文中找到支援選項的詞語即可。
3．綜合細節題。需要將文章的資訊與自己對主題的原有觀點和判斷相結合，綜合概括作者給出的各種細節。
4．排除型題型。要仔細找到每個選項的出處，一個一個地排除，這種題型沒有技巧可言，只要仔細就可以做對。
例如：
A single word emptied Surat' s usually swarming streets last week. Ignoring public - health officials' frantic appeals to stay home, residents began escaping the slum- ridden city, about 175 kilometers north of Bombay, by any means at hand. Doctors identified the disease, which has already killed more than 100 inhabitants,as pneumonic plague. Bubonic plague, the disease's more common form, is carried by fleas from rats---animals considered sacred by many Indians. Bubonic plague ravaged Europe in the 14th century, making itself infamous as the Black Death, and killed nearly 12 million people in India between 1896 and 1936. The even more lethal pneumonic form can also travel directly from human to human, causing high fever, a bloody congh and often death without hours. As of late last week, relief workers said roughly 500,000 of Surat' s 2.5 million residents had already fled.
The mass exodus raised worries of a full - blown epidemic.Officials tried to cordon off the city, hoping to prevent people already infected with the disease from carrying it elsewhere--especially to crowded Bombay, just three hours away by train. But containing the public's growing sense of panic was beyond the powers of belated separations and emergency shipments of antibiotics. An outbreak of bubonic plague, Indian' s first encounter with that disease since 1966, hit the area of Bombay shortly before the pneumonic virus arrived in Surat. Late last
week officials declared the bubonic contagion under control. Of the few score people known to have contracted the disease, none had died. But the pneumonic killer remained on the loose.
1. Surat was a______
A***big and crowed city.
B***poor and densely populated city.
C*** city with a long history of plague.
D***busy city with narrow streets.
綜合細節題型，第一段三處分別提到了Surat是一個貧窮且人口密集的城市，綜合得出B***為正確選項。
2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A*** The cause of bubonic plague.
B***The symptoms of pneumonic plague.
C***The measures taken by the officials.
D***The first time the plague hit India.
排除型題型，第一段和第二段分別提到了A***、B***、C***選項的內容，故排除D***，所以D***也就是正確答案。
細節題就是針對文章中的細節所出的考題。這些事實和細節主要包括：主要人物、主要事件、主要情節、主要過程、主要的原因和結果、主要的資料、主要的時間和地點。
有一些方法可以準確地找到細節和事實：
A．找到中心思想，那麼支援中心思想的事實與細節就自然顯現出來了。
B．要明確所有事實和細節並不是同等重要的。與中心思想相聯絡的事實和細節是重要的事實和細節；與中心思想無關，只是引起興趣的事實和細節是次要的事實和細節。要把重要的事實和細節分開，因為，出題的地方一般是重要的事實與細節，這樣次要的部分就可以略去不閱讀了。
C．尋找段落的構成及資訊的排列形式。
D．要把作者的觀點與事實分開。
F．最後，要迅速地檢查一下所找到的事實與細節，並加以總結。
細節題主要命題方式有：
According to the passage，it is…that…
The author describes…as…because…A chief factor in…is
根據分類，細節題一般有以下幾種形式：
1．詞性、同義詞、反義詞的轉換，這類題主要考查讀者對原文表達細節資訊的詞彙、慣用法的正確理解，這是相對比較簡單的題目，只要在原文中找到支援選項的詞語即可。
3．綜合細節題。需要將文章的資訊與自己對主題的原有觀點和判斷相結合，綜合概括作者給出的各種細節。
4．排除型題型。要仔細找到每個選項的出處，一個一個地排除，這種題型沒有技巧可言，只要仔細就可以做對。
例如：
A single word emptied Surat' s usually swarming streets last week. Ignoring public - health officials' frantic appeals to stay home, residents began escaping the slum- ridden city, about 175 kilometers north of Bombay, by any means at hand. Doctors identified the disease, which has already killed more than 100 inhabitants,as pneumonic plague. Bubonic plague, the disease's more common form, is carried by fleas from rats---animals considered sacred by many Indians. Bubonic plague ravaged Europe in the 14th century, making itself infamous as the Black Death, and killed nearly 12 million people in India between 1896 and 1936. The even more lethal pneumonic form can also travel directly from human to human, causing high fever, a bloody congh and often death without hours. As of late last week, relief workers said roughly 500,000 of Surat' s 2.5 million residents had already fled.
The mass exodus raised worries of a full - blown epidemic.Officials tried to cordon off the city, hoping to prevent people already infected with the disease from carrying it elsewhere--especially to crowded Bombay, just three hours away by train. But containing the public's growing sense of panic was beyond the powers of belated separations and emergency shipments of antibiotics. An outbreak of bubonic plague, Indian' s first encounter with that disease since 1966, hit the area of Bombay shortly before the pneumonic virus arrived in Surat. Late last
week officials declared the bubonic contagion under control. Of the few score people known to have contracted the disease, none had died. But the pneumonic killer remained on the loose.
1. Surat was a______
A***big and crowed city.
B***poor and densely populated city.
C*** city with a long history of plague.
D***busy city with narrow streets.
綜合細節題型，第一段三處分別提到了Surat是一個貧窮且人口密集的城市，綜合得出B***為正確選項。
2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A*** The cause of bubonic plague.
B***The symptoms of pneumonic plague.
C***The measures taken by the officials.
D***The first time the plague hit India.
排除型題型，第一段和第二段分別提到了A***、B***、C***選項的內容，故排除D***，所以D***也就是正確答案。