高中英語學習中須記的句式詳解2

　　高中英語的重要的句式介紹

　　句型21

　　***1***、疑問詞+ever whatever, whoever, whichever, whenever,

　　wherever, however用來引導讓步狀語從句，相當於no matter和what, who, which, when, where, how連用。

　　[例句]

　　Whatever ***=No matter what*** may happen, we shall not lose hope.

　　無論發生什麼事，我們都不能失去希望。

　　Whatever reasons you ***may*** have, you should carry out a promise. 無論你有什麼理由，你都應該遵守諾言。

　　Whoever ***=No matter who*** comes, he will be warmly welcome. 無論誰來，都會受到熱烈歡迎。

　　Whenever ***=No matter when*** it happened, it was certainly not yesterday.

　　此事無論發生在何時，但絕不是昨天。

　　Whenever you ***may*** call, you will find her sitting by the window. 無論什麼時候你去找她，你都會看到她坐在窗邊。

　　Wherever ***=No matter where*** he went, he made friends with people.

　　Whichever ***=No matter which*** of them you many choose, the quality will be the same.

　　他們當中不論你選哪一個，品質都一樣。

　　However ***=No matter how*** hard I have tried, I can't find the answer.

　　***2***、whatever, whoever, whichever, whomever等引導名詞性從句，這時不能用no matter+疑問詞替換。

　　[例句]

　　Take whichever you want. 你要哪個就拿哪個。

　　We will do whatever we can to help him out. 我們要盡力幫助他擺脫困境。

　　I'll show you whatever you want to see. 你想看什麼我就給你看什麼。

　　Whoever did this job must be rewarded. 無論誰做這件事都要得到報酬。

　　Whoever walks around in such a heavy rain will catch a cold. 任何人在這種大雨中行走都會患感冒。

　　You may invite whomever***口語中常用whoever代替***you like to the party. 你可以邀請你喜歡的人來參加晚會。

　　Take whatever magazines you want to read. 你可以取閱任何你想讀的雜誌。

　　倒裝結構

　　句型22

　　全倒裝句型***一***

　　here, there, out, in, up, down, now, then, away等副詞放在句首，句子需要全部倒裝

　　[例句]

　　There goes the bell! = The bell is ringing. 鈴響了!

　　Here comes the bus. =The bus is coming. 汽車來了。

　　Now comes your turn to make a short speech. 該輪到你發言了。

　　Away went the thief when he saw the police.

　　Then came the hour we had been looking forward to. 我們期盼的時候到了。

　　[注意]

　　***1***在這種情況下倒裝僅限於不及物動詞或be動詞，像go, come, rush, live, stand, lie等。

　　***2***主語是人稱代詞時不要倒裝。如：Away he went. 他走遠了。

　　句型23

　　全倒裝句型***二***

　　表示方位的狀語放在句首，句子全倒裝;謂語動詞多為be, lie, stand, sit, come, walk, run, stop etc. 不及物動詞。

　　[例句]

　　On a hill in front of them stands a great castle. 在他們面前的山上矗立著一座巨大的城堡。

　　In front of the house stopped a police car. 房子的全面停著一輛警車。

　　Around the corner walks a young policeman. 拐角處有個年輕的警察在行走。

　　Under the tree sat a boy of about ten. 在樹下坐著一個大約10歲的男孩。

　　句型24

　　全倒裝句型***三***

　　***表語***adj. / v-ing / v-ed +***地點狀語***+ be***或其他動詞形式***…

　　So adj./adv…that…如此……以至於……***so引導的句子倒裝，而that引導的句子不倒裝!*** ***這種結構是半倒裝句。***

　　[例句]

　　Present at the meeting were the manager, all the designers and the writer. 出席會議的有經理，設計師和詞作者。

　　Fastened to the pole is the National flag. 旗杆上有一面國旗。

　　Hidden behind the door were some naughty children. 有幾個頑皮的孩子藏在門後面。

　　Sitting at the back of the classroom were several old teachers, listening attentively to the new teacher. 坐在教室後面的是幾位老教師，他們在認真地聽新教師的課。

　　Gone are the days when farmers lived in the poor houses.

　　農民住在破舊房子裡的日子過去了。

　　Typical for China is the crosstalk show, where a pair of comedians entertains the audience with word play. 相聲是中國典型的喜劇，兩個演員通過玩弄詞藻來逗樂觀眾。

　　So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood.

　　他說英語非常清晰，別人都能聽懂他的話。

　　So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 光執行非常快，我們幾乎無法想象它的速度。

　　句型25

　　半倒裝句***一***

　　否定意義的副詞或短語放在句首，句子半倒裝。這樣的副詞主要有：little, seldom, hardly, rarely, scarcely, never, not at all, by no means***決不***, at no time***在任何時候都不***，nowhere, in no case ***無論如何都不***;not in the least ***=not at all*** , on no condition***決不*** 等。

　　[例句]

　　Never shall I forget you.

　　At no time was the man aware of what was happening. 那個人根本沒有注意到發生的情況。

　　Little did I understand what he said to me at that time. 我那時幾乎沒有明白他給我說的話。

　　It's beyond description. Nowhere else in the world can there be such a quiet, beautiful place.

　　那真是用語言難以形容。世界上沒有其他地方會有這麼安靜、美麗的地方了。

　　Not a single mistake did he make in the exam. 他在考試中沒有犯一個錯誤。

　　By no means are these works of art satisfactory. 這些藝術品根本不能令人滿意。

　　On no condition should you visit that place. 你決不能去那個地方。

　　句型26

　　半倒裝句***二***

　　not only…, but also…***前一分句倒裝，後一分句不倒裝***

　　[例句]

　　Not only was everything he had taken away from him, but also his German citizenship was taken away. 不僅他擁有的一切被那走了，就連他的德國國籍也被取消了。

　　They suggested not only should we attend the party but also give a performance. 他們建議我們不僅要參加晚會，還要進行表演。

　　Not only should we students study hard, we also should know how to enjoy ourselves in our spare time. 我們學生不僅要學習好，還應該知道在課餘時間怎樣享受生活。

　　句型27

　　半倒裝句***三***

　　neither, nor放在句首

　　[例句]

　　If you don't go to see the movie, neither will I. 如果你不去看電影，我也不去。

　　--Why didn't you buy the jacket?

　　--Neither was the price satisfactory, nor did the color agree with me.

　　價格不能令人滿意，顏色也不太適合我。

　　I don't like him, nor do I care about him. 我不喜歡他，也不關心他。

　　句型28

　　半倒裝句***四***

　　"only + 狀語"放在句首，句子半倒裝

　　[例句]

　　Only when the war was over did he return to work. 直到戰爭結束他才回去工作。

　　Only after you have reached eighteen can you join the army. 你只有到了18歲才能參軍。

　　Only in that way will we be ready for the challenges and opportunities in life.

　　只有這樣，我們對生活中的機遇和挑戰才會有充分的準備。

　　Only by changing the way we live will we be able to save the earth.

　　只有改變生活方式，我們才能拯救地球。

　　[注意]這種結構的倒裝只在only引導狀語的時候使用，only引導主語的時候不用倒裝。

　　Only in this way can you work out the problem. 你只有用這種方法才能做出題目。

　　Only this way can help you work out the problem. 只有這種方法才能幫你做出題目。

　　句型29

　　半倒裝句***五***

　　so + be動詞/助動詞/情態動詞等 + 主語 "……也……"***表示肯定意思***

　　neither/nor +動詞/助動詞/情態動詞等 + 主語 "……也……"***表示否定意思***

　　[例句]

　　She is interested in the story, so am I.

　　He enjoys playing the guitar, so do I.

　　I saw the film last night, so did he.

　　In the past 20 years, our society has changed a lot, so have our eating habits.

　　近20年來。我們的社會發生了很大的變化，我們的飲食習慣也變了。

　　Tom didn't attend the meeting last night; nor did Mary. Tom沒來參加昨晚的會議，Mary也沒來。

　　I have never been abroad. Neither/Nor has Tom.

　　[比較1] "so + 主語 + 助動詞" 表示肯定已有的觀點或事實

　　[例句]

　　-We have all worked hard these days.

　　-So we have.***的確如此***

　　I promised to help him, and so I did.***我確實幫助他了***

　　[比較2] "主語 + 助動詞 + so" 表示按照別人的要求去做

　　[例句]

　　The wounded little boy asked me to lift him up and I did so.

　　The doctor asked Charlie to breathe deeply and he did so.

　　句型30

　　so it is with somebody = it's the same with somebody前者怎麼

　　樣，後者也怎麼樣

　　[注意]前面既有否定句又有肯定句，或有多個謂語動詞或助動詞難以選擇時，用此句型。

　　[例句]

　　John likes English but he doesn't like maths, so it is with me ***so it is the same with me***.

　　Tom is a student and he studies hard, so it is with me.

　　-He was really manly enough to be responsible for what he had done. 他像個男子漢，敢於對自己的所作所為負責。

　　-So he was, and so it was with you. 他的確如此，你當時也一樣。

　　句型31

　　***從句***If + were/did***動詞的過去式***，***主句***主語 + would/might/should/could + do***表示對現在情況的假設***

　　[例句]

　　If I were you, I would not be so proud. 如果我是你，我不會如此自負。

　　I don't have a cellphone. If I had one, it would be convenient for me to get in touch with others.

　　If I were in your position, I would think better of it. 如果我處在你的位置，我會好好考慮它。

　　句型32

　　***從句***If + had done, ***主句***主語+ would/might/should/could +have done***表示對過去或已經發生事情的虛擬假設***

　　[例句]

　　What a pity it is that you didn't attend the concert yesterday! If you had attended the concert, you would have seen the famous singer.

　　真遺憾昨天你沒有去聽音樂會。如果你去了，就能見到那位著名歌手。

　　Anyone in his position would have done the same.

　　=If anyone had been in his position, he would have done the same. 任何處在他位置的人都會這樣做的。

　　句型33

　　***從句***If + were/did***動詞過去式***/were to do/should do，***主句***主語+ would/might/should/could + do***表示對將來的假設***

　　[例句]

　　If he should refuse ***= If he were to refuse=If he refused***, it didn't matter at all. 萬一他拒絕了，那也沒關係。

　　If you shouldn't pass the college entrance examination, what would you do?

　　萬一高考不中，你該怎麼辦?

　　句型34

　　虛擬語氣條件句的倒裝

　　在虛擬條件句中，如果出現有were, had, should，可以省去if, 把這些詞放在句子前面，構成虛擬倒裝句。

　　[例句]

　　Should he act like that again, he would be fined. 如果他還這樣做，就要受罰。

　　Had the doctor come in time last night ***=If the doctor had come in time last time***, the boy would have been saved. 昨天晚上要是醫生及時到達，小孩就會得救。

　　Were I to go to the moon one day, I would see it with my own eyes.

　　Had I enough money ***= If I had enough money***, I would buy a larger house.

　　句型35

　　if only引起的感嘆句，相當於 "How I wish + 賓語從句"，意思是"但願……;要是……就好了"

　　[例句]

　　If only he could come! 他要是能來就好了!

　　If only we students didn't have so much homework!要是沒有這麼多的作業該多好!

　　If only I hadn't been so careless in the exam! 我當時沒有那麼粗心就好了!

　　句型36

　　if it were not for… ***= were it not for…***

　　if it hadn't been for… ***= had it not been for…***"要不是因為有……;如果不是……"

　　[注意]這種結構中不能用否定結構的縮寫形式，即不能用weren't it for…***

　　[例句]

　　If it hadn't been for ***= Had it not been for*** the determined captain, all the passengers on board wouldn't have been saved. 要不是船長一直堅強，船上的旅客就不會得救。

　　If it were not for your rich parents, you couldn't live so easy a life. 要不是你父母有錢，你的生活不會如此安逸。

　　If it were not for the expense, I would go abroad now. 如果不是因為經費問題，我現在就出國了。

　　句型37

　　"but for + 名詞"和"but that +從句"，意思是"倘若不是;要不是"，接虛擬語氣

　　[例句]

　　But for air and water, nothing could live. ***= If there were no air or water, nothing could live.***

　　如果沒有空氣和水，什麼東西都難以生存。

　　But for the storm, we should have arrived earlier.

　　= If it hadn't been for the storm, we should have arrived earlier. 如果不是暴風雨，我們早就到了。

　　But for you, we couldn't have carried out the plan. 要不是你的話，我們無法實施那項計劃。

　　She could not have believed it but that she saw it. 若非親眼所見，她是不會相信的。

　　句型38

　　在動詞insist***1堅持做某事***，order, command***2命令***, advise, suggest, propose***3建議做某事***，demand, require, request, ask***4要求***等表示建議、命令、要求的名詞性從句中謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣。基本句型：主語+ ***should*** + 動詞原形。另外像decide, desire, intend, recommend等也要接***should***+動詞原形結構。

　　[例句]

　　Mother insists that Tom ***should*** go to bed at nine o'clock.***賓語從句***

　　We suggested that the meeting ***should*** be held at once.

　　It was required that the crops ***should*** be harvested at once.***主語從句***

　　The suggestion that he ***should*** be invited was rejected.***同位語從句***

　　That is their demand that their wages ***should*** be increased.***表語從句***

　　[注意1]

　　advice, suggestion, order, demand, proposal, request, desire, command, decision, requirement等名詞引導的同位語從句或表語從句，謂語動詞用 ***should*** + 動詞原形。

　　[注意2]

　　It's suggested/ advised/ demanded/ordered/requested/proposed/required/desired等結構後的主語從句中，謂語動詞用***should*** + 動詞原形。

　　[注意3]suggest意思是"表明，暗示;說明"時;insist意思是"堅持觀點，堅持看法"時，句子不能用虛擬語氣。

　　[例句]

　　He insisted that he was innocent.=He insisted on his innocence. 他堅持說自己是無辜的。

　　He insisted that he had never done wrong. 他堅持說沒有做錯事情。

　　Are you suggesting that I'm not suited for the job? 你是在暗示說我不適合做那項工作?

　　The look on his face suggested that the teacher was quite satisfied with the result. 臉上的表情說明老師對結果感到滿意。

　　句型39

　　It is necessary/important/natural/impossible/essential***基本的***等結構後的主語從句中要用虛擬語氣，即主語+***should***+動詞原形

　　[例句]

　　It's necessary that Tom take the exam first. Tom有必要先參加考試。

　　With the society developing very fast, it's quite necessary/important that we ***should*** have a good knowledge of English and computer. 隨著社會的快速發展，我們有必要精通英語和電腦。

　　句型40

　　It's strange/surprising/a pity/a shame/a surprise ***that*** … should do…should表示"竟然"

　　[例句]

　　It's a pity that she should miss the chance. 很遺憾她錯過了機會。

　　It's really surprising that a prophecy***預言***should coincide with the fact so exactly. 令人驚訝的是，預言和事實竟然如此巧合。

　　It's strange that he shouldn't pass the exam. 奇怪的是他竟然沒有通過考試。

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