用英語說中國絲綢之路

　　在閱讀中加入英語，是一種常見的提高英語水平的方法。小編在此獻上用英語來了解中國的歷史文化，希望大家喜歡。

　　用英語說中國漢朝：Rise of Confucianism as Main State Ideology 獨尊儒術

　　Confucianism rose as the main state ideology during the time of Emperor Wudi in the Western Han Dynasty 206B.C.----8A.D..

　　儒家思想在西漢公元前206年至公元8年武帝時期成為了國家的主流意識。

　　In the Qin Dynasty 221—206B.C., Legalism served as the state ideology

　　秦朝時公元前221年至公元前206年，法家思想是國家的主流思想。

　　and at the beginning of the Han Dynasty 206B.C.—220A.D., Laozi's theory that was more moderate and humane was put into practice.

　　在漢朝公元前206年至公元220年初期，更為溫和和仁慈的道家思想被實施。

　　However, Laozi's thoughts did not fit Wudi's political ambition to consolidate his position and strengthen his power when he became the emperor.

　　但是，在武帝執政時，道家思想與他渴望鞏固個人地位和加強個人統治的政治野心不符。

　　In 140 B.C, Confucian scholar Dong Zhongshu admonished the ruler to establish Taixue an academy to educate the crown prince and to produce elite for governmental offices.

　　公元前140年，儒學學者董仲書勸武帝建立太學一種機構來教導皇家子弟併為政府機構提供精英人才。

　　He did an excellent job in answering questions raised by Wudi.

　　他完美地回答了武帝提出的問題。

　　Wudi was deeply impressed and attached great importance to Confucians and some were even assigned to the high positions of minister.

　　武帝對此印象深刻，因此重視儒學，有些儒學學者還被任命為高階官員。

　　In Dong Zhongshu's words, the ruler should pay supreme tribute to Confucianism while rejecting all other schools of thought.

　　董仲書說，當權者應該獨尊儒術，罷黜百家。

　　From then on, all government officials were required to learn and study the Confucian Classics and laws were interpreted accordingly.

　　從那時起，所有的政府官員都被要求學習儒家經典，法律也相應地作出解釋和說明。

　　The orthodox Confucianism helped to establish the ideological foundation in the feudal society of China.

　　傳統儒家思想幫助中國封建社會建立了思想基石。

　　用英語說中國漢朝：Beginning of the Silk Road 開闢絲綢之路

　　As an interconnected series of routes, the Silk Road 絲綢之路 is through Southern Asia traversed by caravan and ocean vessel, and connecting Chang'an, China with Antioch, Syria, as well as other points.

　　作為一個使不同地區相互連線的道路，絲綢之路穿過了南亞，無數商隊和遠洋船舶在其上形式，它將古中國的長安與敘利亞的安提俄克以及其他一些地方連線起來。

　　Its influence carries over on to Korea and terminates eventually in Japan.

　　它的影響力遍及韓國甚至達到日本。

　　The continental Silk Road diverges into North and South routes as it extends from the commercial centers of North China, the North route passing through the Bulgar-Kypchak zone to Eastern Europe and the Crimean peninsula, and from there across the Black Sea, Marmara Sea and the Balkans to Venice;

　　陸上絲綢之路分為南線和北線，它自中國北部的商業中心沿北線穿過保加利亞欽察地區到達東歐和克里米亞半島，再從哪裡穿過黑海、馬爾馬拉海和巴爾幹半島到達威尼斯;

　　the South Route passing through Turkestan-Khorasan, through Iran into Mesopotamia and Anatolia, and then through Antioch in Southern Anatolia into the Mediterranean Sea or through the Levant into Egypt and North Africa.

　　南線穿過土耳其斯坦-呼羅珊地區和伊朗到達美索不達米亞和安納托利亞，在經過安納托利亞南部的安提俄克到達地中海或者是經過黎凡特到達埃及和南非。

　　These exchanges were critical not only for the development and flowering of the great civilizations of Rome, China and India, but they laid the foundations of our modern world.

　　這些交流不僅對於羅馬、中國和印度文明的發展與形成異常重要還為我們的現代世界奠定了基礎。

　　While goods and religious ideas may have travelled the whole way, ancient trade was probably conducted over sections of the routes and it is probable that merchants and travellers very rarely, if ever, covered the whole distance between Europe, or the Middle East, and China, by land.

　　當物品和宗教信仰在絲綢之路上傳播時，古老的貿易可能也在這條路線上進行著，也許很少有商人和旅行者能夠由陸路走遍絲綢之路上的每一個地方——歐洲或是中東和中國。

　　These routes can be traced back to Han Dynasty, from 138 B.C, Emperor Wu dispatched Zhang Qian張騫 twice as his envoy to the Western Regions,

　　這些路線可以被追溯到公元前138年的漢朝時期，漢武帝派遣張騫作為侍者出使西域兩次，

　　and in the process pioneered the route known as the Silk Road from Chang'an, through Xinjiang and Central Asia, and on to the east coast of the Mediterranean Sea.

　　並在過程中自長安起，穿過新疆和中亞，以地中海東岸為終點開闢絲綢之路。

　　Following Zhang Qian's embassy and report, commercial relations between China and Central as well as Western Asia flourished, as many Chinese missions were sent throughout the 1st century B.C， initiating the development of the Silk Road.

　　根據張騫的使團和報告，因為在公元前1世紀左右，中國派出大量使團以發展絲綢之路，中國和中亞與西亞之間的商業關係繁榮發展。

　　In 97 A.D. the Chinese general Ban Chao 班超 went as far west as the Caspian Sea with 70 000 men and established direct military contacts with the Parthian Empire, also dispatching an envoy to Rome.

　　公元97年，將軍班超帶領70000人馬西行遠至裡海，與帕提亞帝國建立了直接的軍事聯絡，還向羅馬派遣了使者。

　　Several Roman embassies to China soon followed from 166 A.D.

　　羅馬緊接著自公元166年其向中國派遣使團。

　　Good exchanges such as Chinese silk, African ivory, and Roman incense increase the contacts between the East and West.

　　對於中國絲綢、非洲象牙和羅馬香料的交換加強了東西方之間的聯絡。

　　Contacts with the Kushan Empire led to the introduction of Buddhism to China from India in the first century.

　　與貴霜帝國之間的聯絡使得佛教在一世紀時傳入中國。

　　The height of the importance of the Silk Road was during the Tang dynasty, with relative internal stability in China after the divisions of the earlier dynasties since the Han.

　　絲綢之路的重要性在唐朝達到頂峰，唐朝時，中國在歷經了自漢朝時起的分裂狀態後達到了國內相對的穩定。

　　In the seventh century, the Chinese traveler Xuan Zang 玄奘 crossed the region on his way to obtain Buddhist scriptures from India.

　　七世紀時，玄奘穿過此路去印度求取佛教真經。

　　The art and civilization of the Silk Road achieved its highest point in the Tang Dynasty.

　　絲綢之路的文化與文明在唐朝時達到新高度。

　　Chang'an, as the starting point of the route, as well as the capital of the dynasty, developed into one of the largest and most cosmopolitan cities of the time.

　　長安，作為路線的起點同時也是唐朝的首都，發展成為了那時最大也最具國際化的城市之一。

　　After the Tang, however, the traffic along the road subsided, along with the grotto building and art of the period.

　　然而，唐朝以後，絲綢之路上的旅行、石窟建築和藝術都沉寂了下來。

　　The Five Dynasties period did not maintain the internal stability of the Tang dynasty, and again neighboring states started to plunder the caravans.

　　五代時期沒有維持住唐朝時的國內穩定，因此鄰近的地區再次開始搶劫旅行隊。

　　China was partially unified again in the Song dynasty, but the Silk Road was not as important as it had been in the Tang.

　　中國在宋朝時期再次得到統一，可那時的絲綢之路已經不如唐朝時期那麼重要了。

　　From its birth before Christ, through the heights of the Tang dynasty, until its slow demise six to seven hundred years ago, the Silk Road has had a unique role in foreign trade and political relations, stretching far beyond the bounds of Asia itself.

　　從它比基督還要早的誕生，再經歷了唐朝的巔峰，最後在6、700年前緩慢的衰敗，絲綢之路在國際貿易中具有無可替代的地位，它延伸的範圍遠超亞洲境內。

　　It has left its mark on the development of civilizations on both sides of the continent.

　　它在亞歐文明的發展中留下了自己的印記。

　　However, the route has merely fallen into disuse; its story is far from over.

　　但是，絲綢之路幾乎已經被淘汰，而它的故事卻尚未結束。

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