英語四級翻譯練習點撥
下面是小編整理的,希望對大家有幫助。
練習1
中國烹飪***Chinese cuisine***文化是中國文化中有關烹飪和休閒的重要組成部分。中國悠久的歷史、廣袤的疆土、好客的習俗孕育了這一獨特藝術。中餐以其“色、香、味、形”俱全而著稱。它講究原料的選配、食物的質地、佐料***seasonings***的調製、切菜的刀功、適時的烹調以及裝盤藝術。最負盛名的菜系有南方粵菜、北方魯菜、東部淮揚菜和西部川菜,以“南淡北鹹,東甜西辣”見稱。
句1:中國烹飪***Chinese cuisine***文化是中國文化中有關烹飪和休閒的重要組成部分。
思路點撥:“…是…”結構的句子可以翻譯成使用be動詞的主系表結構本句中雖然給出的時“有關…”,但仔細揣摩其意思應該是“在…方面”,故譯為in the aspect of.
Chinese cuisine culture is an important part of Chinese culture in the aspect of cooking andleisure.
句2:中國悠久的歷史、廣袤的疆土、好客的習俗孕育了這一獨特藝術。
思路點撥:本句的主語是三個並列的偏正短語,如果按照原有的語序翻譯成英文。則主語太長,不符合英語的表達習慣。因此,本句翻譯時應該將主語和賓語互換,同時將“孕育了”意譯為owe…to…***將…歸因於,將…歸功於***,三個並列的短語作介詞to的賓語。
This unique art owes itself to the long history, vast territory and hospitable tradition ofChina.
句3:中餐以其“色、香、味、形”俱全而著稱。
思路點撥:本句中“以…而著稱”用be famous for來表示;“形”不是“形狀”,而是“外觀”,應譯為appearance; “俱全”譯為perfect combination of.
Chinese food is famous for its perfect combination of “color, aroma, taste andappearance”.
句4:它講究原料的選配、食物的質地、佐料***seasonings***的調製、切菜的刀功、適時的烹調以及裝盤藝術。
思路點撥:本句中“講究”即是“注重”,故譯為gives emphasis to; “質地”不是“質量”,不可譯為quality, 應譯為texture. “佐料的調製”、“切菜的刀功”、“適時的烹調”和“裝盤藝術”依次譯為theblending of seasonings、slicing techniques、the perfect timing of cooking和the art of laying outthe food on the plate.
It gives emphasis to the selection of raw materials, the texture of food, the blending ofseasonings, slicing techniques, the perfect timing of cooking and the art of laying out the foodon the plate.
句5:最負盛名的菜系有南方粵菜、北方魯菜、東部淮揚菜和西部川菜,以“南淡北鹹,東甜西辣”見稱。
思路點撥:本句可用介詞Among置於句首的倒裝句型,表示眾多最負盛名的菜系“有…”;後半句是對前半句內容的補充說明,可以用過去分詞短語 noted as…***以…著稱***這種非謂語動詞來取消句子的獨立性,同時也增 加了句子的節奏感。“菜系”即是“派別”,用school較為合適,不可以譯為其他詞彙。原文中雖沒有“味道”二字,但稍微注意一下便可得知“南淡北鹹,東甜西辣”說的就是“味道”,所以翻譯時應把“味道”***flavor***翻 譯出來。
Among the best-known schools of cuisine are the Cantonese cuisine of the south, theShandong cuisine of the north, the Huai-Yang cuisine of the east and the Sichuan cuisine of thewest, noted as “the light flavor of the south, the salty flavor of the north, the sweet flavor ofthe east and the spicy-hot flavor of the west”.
練習2
筷子***chopsticks***是最能反映中國飲食文化特色和傳統的重要象徵之一。筷子有著悠久的歷史,有關筷子的記載可以追溯到3000多年以前。無論到何時何地,中國人吃飯都很難離開筷子。此外,筷子還可以作為禮儀***etiquette***、饋贈、寄情、收藏的特殊工藝品和禮品。如今,筷子已經出現在全世界很多國家的餐桌上,西方還流行起了“為了您的健康,請您拿起筷子來”的時潮。
句1:筷子***chopsticks***是最能反映中國飲食文化特色和傳統的重要象徵之一。
思路點撥:本句的句子主幹為“筷子是…之一”,譯為chopsticks are one of…; “最能反映中國飲食文化特色和傳統”可處理成定語從句,來修飾“重要象徵”,譯為that can most reflect the characteristics and traditions of Chinese food culture。“象徵”譯為symbol.
譯:Chopsticks are one of the important symbols that can most reflect thecharacteristics and traditions of Chinese food culture.
句2:筷子有著悠久的歷史,有關筷子的記載可以追溯到3000多年以前。
思路點撥:本句可處理成and連線的並列句。句中“悠久的”可用long來表達;“有關…的記載”譯為therecords of…; “追溯到”譯為be traced back to。
Chopsticks have a long history and the records of them can be traced back to more than3000 years ago.
句3:無論到何時何地,中國人吃飯都很難離開筷子。
思路點撥:本句中“無論到何時何地”可處理成狀
語;後面部分可用句型“it is +形容詞+for sb. to do sth.”。“離開筷子”即“沒有筷子”,可譯為withoutchopsticks.
Wherever and whenever, it is hard for Chinese people to have meals without chopsticks.
句4:此外,筷子還可以作為禮儀***etiquette***、饋贈、寄情、收藏的特殊工藝品和禮品。
思路點撥:本句中 “…可以作為…”可處理成…can be used as…的形式。“此外”可以譯為in addition; “饋贈”可譯為gifting;“寄情”即“表達情感”,可譯為expressing feelings。
In addition, chopsticks can also be used as special handicrafts and presents for etiquette,gifting, expressing feelings and collection.
難點註釋:
句1:白色汙染指的是塑料汙染***plastic pollution***。
“指的是”可譯為refer to.
White pollution refers to plastic pollution.
句2:不可回收的***unrecyclable***塑料午餐盒沿途到處都是。
Unrecyclable plastic lunch boxes are all along roads.
句3:塑料購物袋在空中飛揚。
“在空中飛揚”可譯為dance in the wind.
Plastic shopping bags dance in the wind.
句4:如果我們繼續使用這些會發生什麼呢?
If we continue using them, what would happen?
句5:有一天,它們會將我們埋葬在白色垃圾堆中。
“會將我們埋葬在白色垃圾堆中”可譯為might bury us in an ocean of white rubbish.
One day they might bury us in an ocean of white rubbish.
句6:那時的地球—我們共同的家園將成為一個垃圾桶***dustbin***。
Then the earth, our common homeland, would be a dustbin.
句7:為防止這個噩夢成為現實,政府間應該互相緊密合作並將口頭承諾付諸實際行動。
“為防止這個噩夢成為現實”譯為目的狀語:To prevent this nightmare from coming true; “互相緊
密合作”譯為work closely with each other; “將口頭
承諾付諸實際行動”譯為back up their verbal commitment by actions.
譯:To prevent this nightmare from coming true, governments need to work closely witheach other and back up their verbal commitment by actions.
練習3
句8:同時,我們應當從自身做起,為綠色環保出一份力。
“從自身做起”譯為:start from ourselves.
譯:We, as individuals, should start from ourselves to help protect the greenenvironment.
White pollution refers to plastic pollution. Unrecyclable plastic lunch boxes are all alongroads. Plastic shopping bags dance in the wind. If we continue using them, what would happen?One day they might bury us in an ocean of white rubbish. Then the earth, our commonhomeland, would be a dustbin. To prevent this nightmare from coming true, governmentsneed to work closely with each other and back up their verbal commitment by actions. We, asindividuals, should start from ourselves to help protect the green environment.
練習4
唐朝***Tang Dynasty***被歷史學家認為是中國文明最輝煌的時期。唐朝的首都在長安。在與印度和中東***the Middle East***的交流中,在他們的促進下,唐朝在許多領域裡得到了長足的發展。唐朝是文學和藝術的黃金時期。唐朝通過科舉制度***civil service examinations***在全國選出優秀的儒家文人***Confucian literati***為政府效力,而唐朝的政府體系在儒學官僚***Confucian bureaucratic***的支援下也日臻完善。公元8世紀中期,唐朝勢力開始衰落。
難點註釋
句1、2:唐朝***Tang Dynasty***被歷史學家認為是中國文明最輝煌的時期。唐朝的首都在長安。
第一、二句在翻譯時可以整合為一句,其中“唐朝的首都在長安”可以翻譯為定語從句來表示。“被…認為是…”可以譯為be regarded by …as…; “最輝煌的時期”即為鼎盛時期,可譯為a high point.
Tang Dynasty, whose capital is Chang’an, is regarded by historians as a high point inChinese civilization.
句3:在與印度和中東***the Middle East***的交流中,在他們的促進下,唐朝在許多領域裡得到了長足的發展。
“與印度和中東***the Middle East***的交流中,在他們的促進下”可採用合譯法,即Stimulated by thecontact with…Stimulated by the contact with India and the Middle East, the empire saw a greatdevelopment in many fields.
句4:唐朝是文學和藝術的黃金時期。
譯:The Tang period was the golden age of literature and art.
句5:唐朝通過科舉制度***civil service examinations***在全國選出優秀的儒家文人***Confucian literati***為政府效力,而唐朝的政府體系在儒學官僚***Confucian bureaucratic***的支援下也日臻完善。
此句結構較為複雜,翻譯時,首先理清句子主幹:唐朝的政府體系日臻完善。前半句可以處理成一個非謂語動詞做原因狀語的形式,即Served by…, serve 本意為“服務”,也可作“效力”講,與邏輯主語thegovernment system of Tang Dynasty是動賓關係,故用過去分詞形式;而其中再巢狀一個後置定語selected through…來修飾Confucian literati;“在……的支援下”譯為under the support of…。
Served by a large class of Confucian literati selected through civil service examinations, thegovernment system of Tang Dynasty was gradually perfected under the support of Confucianbureaucratic.
句6:公元8世紀中期,唐朝勢力開始衰落。
譯:By the middle of the eighth century A.D., the power of Tang Dynasty began to ebb.
Tang Dynasty, whose capital is Chang’an, is regarded by historians as a high point inChinese civilization. Stimulated by the contact with India and the Middle East, the empire saw agreat development in many fields. The Tang period was the golden age of literature and art.Served by a large class of Confucian literati selected through civil service examinations, thegovernment system of Tang Dynasty was gradually perfected under the support of Confucianbureaucratic. By the middle of the eighth century A.D., the power of Tang Dynasty began toebb.
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