圖西人

比勒陀利烏斯(1798～1853年)

Pretorius,Andries

南非布林人大遷徙中的著名領袖，來自英國控制的開普殖民地，後成為納塔爾和特蘭斯瓦地區的軍事與政治統治人物。比勒陀利烏斯的軍隊1838年在血河戰役、1840年在馬格諾戰役兩次打敗祖魯人。1842年他在反對英國吞併納塔爾的戰鬥中失利。1848年英國吞併特蘭斯瓦之後，他的軍隊再度發起進攻但又遭失敗。1852年他參加了桑德河會議，在這次會議上特蘭斯瓦的獨立獲得了承認。他還領導了爭取橘河主權國獨立的談判，並於1854年的布隆方丹會議上得到最終承認。其子馬西納斯.維塞爾.比勒陀利烏斯（Marthinus Wessel Pretorius,1819～1901）是南非共和國的第一位總統（1857、1864、1869），也是橘自由邦的總統（1859～1863）。英國吞併特蘭斯瓦後，馬西納斯加入造反的布林人領袖之列，幫助贏得了獨立。直到1883年克魯格當選總統之前，馬西納斯一直是三頭統治的一員。

English version：

1798～1853年

Pretorius,Andries

Boer leader in the Great Trek from British-dominated Cape Colony who became the dominant military and political figure in Natal and the Transvaal. Pretorius's forces defeated the Zulu at Blood River in 1838 and at Magono in 1840. In 1842 he led an unsuccessful fight with the British over the annexation of Natal. Following British annexation of Transvaal in 1848,his forces again attacked and were again defeated. In 1852 he participated in the Sand River Convention,where Transvaal independence was recognized. He led negotiations for independence of the Orange River Sovereignty,finally guaranteed by the Bloemfontein Convention of 1854. His son Marthinus Wessel Pretorius (1819-1901) was the first president of the South African Republic (1857,1864,1869) and president of the Orange Free State (1859-63). After British annexation of the Transvaal,Marthinus joined insurgent Boer leaders and helped win recognition of its independence. He was a member of the ruling triumvirate until the election of Paul Kruger as president in 1883.