宗系遺傳

內華達(Nevada)

美國西部一州。面積286,352平方公里。首府卡森城。布拉克羅克沙漠位於該州西北部。以科羅拉多河為其東南邊界。人類在此定居已超過20,000年之久，史前人類居住於此的證據包括居住遺蹟和rock art。早期居民包括肖肖尼人和派尤特人。在1843～1845年弗裡蒙特和卡森的大探險和地圖繪製完成前，已有西班牙傳教士和毛皮商人分別於18世紀和1820年代來到此地。通過1848年的墨西哥讓地，內華達歸屬美國，1850～1861年劃歸猶他準州。1859年發現維吉尼亞城蘊藏豐富銀礦的康斯脫克銀礦後，人口開始增加，於是內華達準州乃於1861年建立，並在1864年成為美國第36州。大蕭條時期由於賭博合法化而開始轉變為現代經濟。胡佛水壩的建造幫助了內華達南部的經濟發展。在1950年代該州成為原子能實驗的主要測試地區。內華達的傳統經濟基礎，礦業和農業，因政府活動和著重在拉斯維加斯、雷諾和塔霍湖等地觀光業的發展而相形失色。人口約1,998,257（2000）。

English version：

Nevada

State (pop.,1997 est.: 1,677,000),western U.S. It covers 110,561 sq mi (6286,353 sq km); its capital is Carson City. The Black Rock Desert is in the northwest; the Colorado River forms its extreme southeastern boundary. Human settlement in the area has spanned more than 20,000 years,and evidence of prehistoric inhabitants include dwelling remains and rock art. Early inhabitants included the Shoshone and Paiute Indians. Spanish missionaries in the 18th century and fur traders in the 1820s arrived before major exploration and mapping were done by J.C. Fremont and Kit Carson 1843-45. Nevada was part of the land ceded to the U.S. by Mexico in 1848 and was included in the Utah Territory (1850-61). Settlements increased after the discovery of the Comstock Lode,a rich silver deposit,at Virginia City in 1859. It became the Territory of Nevada in 1861 and the 36th U.S. state in 1864. It began its transition to a modern economy during the Great Depression when gambling was legalized. Construction of the Hoover Dam aided the economy of southern Nevada. In the 1950s the state became the main testing site for atomic-energy experiments. The traditional bases of its economy,mining and agriculture,are overshadowed by governmental activity and tourism,the latter centered on Las Vegas,Reno,and Lake Tahoe.