爵士樂

席勒(1759～1805年)

Schiller,(Johann Christoph) Friedrich (von)

德國戲劇家、詩人和文學理論家，德國文學界最偉大的人物之一。他曾在一名飛揚跋扈的公爵指導下接受教育，後因無法忍受其專制，轉而從事寫作。他以第一部戲劇《強盜》（1781）而成功，並從此開始在作品中以對自由的探索作為主題。他的第一部重要的戲劇詩《唐.卡洛斯》（1787）將無韻詩建成了德國詩劇的媒介之一。他的《歡樂頌》後來被貝多芬用在了《第九交響曲》中。他在1789年被聘為耶拿大學歷史學教授，發展了他的著名歷史史詩劇《華倫斯坦》（1800）。在他建立自己的美學觀念的時期，他寫了很多哲學散文、精緻的思考詩和他最優秀的民謠。他晚年健康狀況下降，在威瑪與好朋友歌德一起度過餘生。他的成熟時期的戲劇包括《瑪麗亞.斯圖亞特》（1800）和《威廉.泰爾》（1804），探討了使人戰勝脆弱和物質生活壓力的靈魂深處的自由問題。

English version：

1759～1805年

Schiller,(Johann Christoph) Friedrich (von)

German dramatist,poet,and literary theorist,one of greatest figures in his nation's literature. Schiller was educated at the direction of a domineering duke,whose tyranny he eventually fled to write. With his successful first play,The Robbers (1781),he took up the exploration of freedom,a central theme throughout his works. Don Carlos (1787),his first major poetic drama,helped establish blank verse as the recognized medium of German poetic drama. His jubilant “Ode to Joy” was later used in Ludwig van Beethoven's Symphony No. 9. Appointed professor of history at the University of Jena in 1789,he developed his epic masterpiece,the historical drama Wallenstein (1800). During a period spent formulating his views on aesthetic activity,he produced philosophical essays,exquisite reflective poems,and some of his most popular ballads. He spent his last years in ill health in Weimar,near his friend Johann W. von Goethe. His mature plays,including Maria Stuart (performed 1800) and Wilhelm Tell (1804),examine the inward freedom of the soul that enables the individual to rise above physical frailties and the pressure of material conditions.