初中英語語法句子成分
語法是語言詞與句構成規律的總結。它是學習一門語言的基礎,學好語法是學習者有效輸出的前提和有力保證。下面是小編帶來的，歡迎閱讀!
精選
一、句子成分精講
句子成分：主語、謂語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語、補語等。
主要成分：主語和謂語
1、主語
一個句子中需要加以說明或描述的物件。主語的位置：
The school is far from here. 名詞做主語
She goes to school by bike.
Eight is a lucky number.
The blind need more help. 代詞做主語 數詞做主語 名詞化的形容詞做主語
There is a pen on the desk. 名詞做主語
Predicting the future is interesting.
To be a doctor is my dream.
2、謂語
表示人或事物***主語***的動作和存在的狀態.
英語中由動詞be、動詞have和行為動詞來充當謂語動詞 句子的時態和語態是通過謂語表現出來。
謂語動詞往往由一個或一個以上的構成。 分析句子的主語和謂語
Mr. Li teaches English.
He can play the piano.
My parents and I are having dinner.
3、表語
用來說明主語的身份、特徵、性質、狀態。
表語的位置
用在動詞be和系動詞的後面。
名詞、代詞、數詞、介詞短語、副詞等都可以和連繫動詞一起構成複合謂語。 Your pen is on the desk.
He got very angry.
My dream is to have a robot. 動名詞做主語 不定式短語做主語
常見的系動詞
1. be動詞
2. 與感覺有關的動詞 look, sound, smell, taste, feel 等
3. 表示狀態變化的動詞，意為“變得” “變成” 如 get, grow, turn等
上述兩類詞作連繫動詞時要用形容詞作表語,千萬不能用副詞。
4、賓語
是動作的物件或承受者。.
及物動詞:直接接賓語的謂語動詞.
不及物動詞:不能直接帶賓語的謂語動詞.
賓語可由名詞、代詞、數詞、不定式、動名詞、從句構成.
I saw a plane in the sky just now.
I want three. 名詞做賓語 數詞做賓語
I like going shopping. 動名詞做賓語
We think predicting the future is hard.
5、賓語補足語***賓補*** 賓語從句
有些及物動詞除了要有一個賓語之外, 還須加上一個補足語。如果沒有補足語***賓補***, 有時候句子的意思就不完整。 充當賓補的有:
1. 形容詞作賓語補足語
The sun keeps us warm.
2. 介詞短語作賓語補足語:
I found her in the room.
3. 副詞作賓語補足語。
Please let him in.
4. 名詞作賓語補足語。
We made him monitor of the class.
5. 動詞不定式和分詞也能用作賓語補足語。
I asked him to come.
6、定語
定語修飾名詞或代詞***即在漢語裡的……的***
1. 形容詞作定語***一般放在被修飾語之前,修飾不定代詞時放在後面***
They have a clever son.
I have something important to tell you.
2. 名詞作定語:
Is it a color film?
名詞作定語一般用單數形式, 如:
school bus, ticket office, paper flowers
但也有例外,如: sports meeting, clothes shop
man 和 woman修飾的名詞如果是複數,它們總以複數的形式作定語,如:
men drivers , women doctors
3. 代詞作定語:
This song is better than that one.
4. 數詞作定語:
There are only thirty students in our class.
帶有數字的複合形容詞.當複合形容詞用連字號連線時,其中的名詞要用單數形式.
a two-day holiday a three-year-old boy
5. 副詞作定語******:
Do you know the young man over there?
6. 介詞短語作定語***放在被修飾詞之後***:
The students in our class like swimming.
7、狀語
, .
1. 副詞作狀語:
The old man is walking slowly.
The boy is very clever.
2. 介詞短語作狀語: 表方式 表程度
I have lived in Shanghai for five years.
3. 不定式作狀語 表時間
I come here to see you.
4. 現在分詞作狀語 表目的
The teacher came in, holding a book in his hand. 表方式
5. 狀語從句
We’ll go shopping if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.
狀語的位置
1. 在一般情況下,用於句末。
We like our school very much.
2.為了強調狀語,可以把它放在句首.
I usually get up at six, but this morning I got up at eight.
3. 表頻度的副詞通常用於句中, 如always, usually, often, hardly, never,
用於行為動詞前,be動詞、助動詞和情態動詞後
I usually get up early.
He is often late.
一些副詞, 如already, once, just, soon, yet, still, nearly, almost, really, suddenly, certainly等用法相似 sometimes, now可以位於句首,句中或句末
only 在句中的位置比較靈活, 但位置不同, 意義也不同.
The actor only sang a song.
Only the actor sang a song.
The actor sang only one song.
兩個或多個狀語同時修飾時的順序
1. 地點狀語在前, 時間狀語在後.
We will have a meeting in Room 202 tomorrow.
2. 較小單位的狀語在前,由小到大
Mr. Li lives at 88 Chongwen Rd., Suzhou, Jiangsu.
3. 一個句子有幾個不同種類的副詞作狀語, 其順序大都是: 程度副詞,方式副詞, 地點副詞, 時間副詞 She sang very well at the meeting last night.
時間和地點狀語也可以位於句首, 表示強調或使上下文更為連貫
Usually I read the newspapers in the morning, but yesterday I read them in the evening.
練習
初中英語語法綜合練習題
1、 A.ask B.answer C.to ask
2、We'll try there on time.
A.to get B.getting C.got
3、They hoped their mother soon.
A.to see B.saw C.seeing
4、I'm glad A.meet B.met C.to meet
5、He often helps me my bike.
A.mending B.to mend C.to mended
6、I heard Alice in the next door.
A.sings B.sang C.sing
7、 it by himself.
A.do B.to do C.doing
8、He saw Dick in and take a book away.
A.came Bing Ce
9、Does Jack want A.be B.is C.to be
10、The boss had them A.worked B.working C.work
11、It's time A.to go B.went C.going
12、 you.
A.to help B.help C.helped
13、Don't forget your books to school.
A.bring B.to bring C.brought
14、I don't know A.where does he live B.what is he doing
C.where he lives D.what he is dring it
15、Ask him how much A.did it cost B.cost it C.it costed D.it costs
16、 used for.
A.what was this room B.which was this room
C.what this room was D.that this room was
17、I really don't know A.where he was born B.where he is born
C.where was he born D.where is he born
18、We have no idea A.how worried was he B.how worried he was
C.that was he worried D.what was he worried
19、He wanted to know there.
A.how long time I had been B.how long had I been
C.how long I had been D.how long I was
20、My mother wants to know A.how is Tom getting along B.how he is getting along***相處***
C.what is he getting along D.what he is getting along
21、What shall we do A.if B.when C.since
22、手術 was over.
A.before B.after C.until
23、 A.when B.until C.because
24、 A.if B.while C.because
25、Finish doing your homework A.before B.until C.after
26、The film was
A.as, as B.So***形容詞***, that C.Such***名詞***, that
27、he heard a girl crying for help outside, he rushed out of the room.
A.Before B.As soon as C.after
28、There are in Class Two.
A.as many, than B.as much, as
C.more, than D.so many, as
29、I was watching TV, my sister was litening to the radio programme.
A.After B.While C.Before
30、Let's wait for him A.until, will come B.until, came
C.if, will come D.until, comes