關於大學英語語法句子成分
目前,隨著社會經濟的快速發展,英語成為了主要的國際通用語言之一,這必然引起人們對英語學習的興趣日益增強。小編精心收集了，供大家欣賞學習!
1
關係代詞
<例句>
I met someone who said he knew you.
我遇到一個人，他說他認識你。
<語法分析>
關係代詞 who 代表 someone，又引導從句修飾它，同時又在從句中擔任主語。關係代詞 who, whom, whose, that和 which可以用來引導定語從句，這類代詞都起著三重作用，一是代表前面的名詞，二是把從句和它所修飾的詞連線起來，三是在從句裡也擔任一個成分。who 和 whom 都代表人，who 在從句中作主語，whom在從句中作賓語或介詞賓語。whose在從句中可以作定語。that可以代表人或物，which 只能代表物在從句中可充當主語、賓語或介詞賓語等。
<觸類旁通>
***1*** The noise that she made woke everybody up.
她弄出的聲音把大家都吵醒了。
語法分析：that 代表 noise，又引導從句修飾它，在從句中擔任 made 的賓語。
***2*** She saw something in the paper which might interest you.
她在報紙上看到的一些訊息，或許會使你感興趣。
語法分析：which 代表 something, 又引導從句修飾它，在從句中擔任主語。
***3*** The girl with whom I was travlling didn't speak English.
和我一起旅行的那個女孩不會講英語。
語法分析：whom 代表人，在從句中作賓語或介詞賓語。
***4*** I saw a film whose name I have forgotten.
我一部電影， 名字卻忘了。
語法分析：whose 有時指無生命的東西。
***5*** Who's the man ***that*** you were talking to?
剛才和你講話的人是誰?
語法分析：在從句作賓語時，that常可以省略。
***6*** The situation in which she found herself was very difficult.
她的處境非常困難。
語法分析：在緊跟介詞時，只能用which，不能用that，而且不能省略。
<鞏固練習>
1. The man _____ robbed her has been arrested.
2. The man _____ I saw told me to come back tomorrow.
3. I know a girl _____ mother is an acrobat.
4. He _____ would eat the fruit must climb the tree.
5. The dog _____ was lost has been found.
6. She invited us to dinner, ______ was very kind of her.
7. My dog, ______ temper is very uncertain, often bites judges at dog show.
8. The man from ______ I brought it told me to read me instructions.
<參考答案>
1. who 2. whom 3. whose 4. that 5. which 6. which 7. whose 8. whom
2
不定代詞
<例句>
I have no idea about it.
對此我一無所知。
<語法分析>
不定代詞no在句子中作定語，此外，every也可作定語。除了這兩個詞外，其他的不定代詞既可用作名詞也可用作形容詞，大多數在句子中可充當主語、賓語、表語、同位語和定語等。
<觸類旁通>
***1*** Someone ***somebody*** has turned off the light.
有人把燈關了。
語法分析：合成不定代詞 someone 和 somebody 意思相同，都表示“某人”，但只用於肯定句，在否定句及疑問句中通常用 anybody 或 anyone。
***2*** Everybody ***everyone*** laughed, me included.
大家都笑了，我也笑了。
語法分析：everybody 和 everyone 意思相同，表示“人人”、“大家”。
***3*** Did any of your photos come out well?
你的照片洗出來都不錯嗎?
語法分析：any 可代表可數名詞或不可數名詞名詞，在句子中作主語或賓語等，可用於否定句及疑問句，肯定句用 some。
***4*** She is in no mood ***not in a mood*** for jokes.
她沒有心情說笑話。
語法分析：no 可構成否定句，等於 not a。
***5*** I never saw so many swans on the lake .
我從未見過湖面上有這麼多天鵝。
語法分析：many 修飾可數名詞，可用在疑問句，否定句及肯定句中，還可與too, so 等詞連用，much, few 及 little 也可表示數量，與many 一樣，都可用作定語。
***6*** None of us would have said such a thing.
我們誰也不會說出這種話來。
語法分析：none 和 no 一樣，都是否定詞，none可用作主語、賓語或介詞賓語及同位語。
<鞏固練習>
1. I will tell you _____ of my own experience.
2. If you want ______ , you can call me.
3. I'll take ______ that you don't want.
4. As ______ as ten people were found living in a single room.
5. You've given me too ______ food.
6. ______ went his way.
7. ______ of my parents live in Japan.
8. One of the boys is named Tom, the _____ named Bill.
9. Show me some ______.
10. I don't like this room. Let's ask for _____.
<參考答案>
1. something 2. anything 3. any 4. many 5. much 6. Each 7. Both 8. other 9. others 10. another
3
some的用法
<例句>
She's living at some place in Canada.
她住在加拿大的某個地方。
<語法分析>
不定代詞some的意思是表示“一些”，可以用來指人或其他可數的東西，也可以用來表示不可數名詞的東西，它在肯定句中用作主語、賓語、定語等。在這個句子中，some和單數可數名詞連用，其意義是表示“某個”，這與certain的意義相同。
<觸類旁通>
***1*** Some of them can speak English.
他們中的有些人會講英語。
語法分析：簡單用法。
***2*** Can I take some of these apples?
這些蘋果我拿些可以嗎?
語法分析：一般在疑問句裡要用any，但有時候卻要用到本應用在肯定句中的some這個詞，這種用法所表達的含義是希望得到肯定的答覆。這個例句的所隱含的意思是我很想拿一些蘋果，希望對方給予肯定性的回答。
***3*** She enjoys some music.
她喜歡某些音樂。
語法分析：some修飾不可數名詞。
***4*** Aren't there some eggs on the table?
桌子上不是有些雞蛋嗎?
語法分析：some用於反問句或請求句中。
<鞏固練習>
1. Did ______ of you catch the train.
2. ______ children learn languages easily.
3. ______ work is very difficult.
4. Would you like ______ tea?
5. Ask ______ secretary to come here.
<參考答案>
1. some 2. Some 3. Some 4. some 5. some