英語作文如何造句
下面是小編整理的英語作文造句的方法, 希望對大家有幫助。
如何造句?——
1.句子要完整。完整是好句子的第一要點。
2.句子要連貫。所謂連貫,一是指意思上的連貫;二是指結構上的連貫。也就是說一個句子不僅要做到思想內容的和諧,還要做到遣詞造句的和諧。例如: Tell my friend if she is at home,I will go to see her.
該句因語序的關係,使意思不明確。如果 my friend與she是同一個人,我們應該說:If my friend is at home,tell her I will go to see her.如果不是同一個人,就應說:Tell my friend I will go to see her if she is at home.
又如:An Indian came into the doctor's door,and walked quickly to the waiting room.
該句兩部分不合乎思維順序,動作沒有按先後排列,所以造成了語無倫次。應改為:
An Indian came into the waiting room,and walked quickly to the doctor's door.
以上從內容上分析了句子的連貫性。即寫句子要保持自然的語序,讓意義緊密相連的詞緊挨在一起,同時各部分要按一定的邏輯排列。
3.句子須簡潔。句中不應有任何不必要的詞。只要意思充分地表達了,用詞越少越好。用詞過多隻會使意思更加模糊不清,而不是更加清楚。
4.句子要重點突出。凡是重要的意思都應在表達時予以強調。為此說話時人們可用各種方法,如提高聲音、放慢語速、使用短句或加上手勢等。寫文章時,也可以使用倒裝、感嘆、重複、反問等方法對應該強調的詞語或句子加重語氣。一般情況下,一個句子的開頭和末尾是比較引人注目的地方。如:There was an old woman at the head of the queue.這是一般的表達方式。但可進行這樣改:At the head of the queue was an old woman.通過這種結構的改變分別突出了at the head of the queue以及an old woman.這樣句子就顯得非常生動有力。
5.句子要多樣化。句型的多樣化,對好的文章來說是必不可少的。好幾句長短相同、結構相似的句子連在一起,如果又用同一個名詞或代詞作主語,必然會顯得很單調。為多樣化起見,短句和長句,簡單句、並列句和複合句等都應交錯使用。也可偶爾用一個問句、祈使句或感嘆句,但是不要只是為了多樣化而頻頻變換句型。
6.句子要一致。一個句子無論長短應當只有一箇中心思想。句中的詞、短語應當緊緊圍繞這一中心思想服務。如果時而談甲,時而談乙,則會破壞句子的一致性。如: Class Three have a map,and the map is on the wall of their classroom,it's a map of China.
此句在語法和詞彙上都沒有什麼錯,但由於東拼西湊,讓人不知所云。如果將這一大句改為三個短句,使每句都有一箇中心思想,那麼就條理清楚,意義明確了。試比較: Class Three have a map.The map is on the wall of their classroom.It's a map of China.
句子的一致性是一個句子的意思清楚與否的關鍵。要達到一致性就要保持主語的一致、思想的完整、邏輯的合理和修飾的緊密。如: I opened the door,and the cat was under a desk,and the desk was black.
這個句子意思混亂,因為主語不斷改變。如果我們用I作全句主語,並作適當刪改,則句子簡單明瞭,意思清楚而且句子緊湊。比較一下: I opened the door and found the cat under a black desk.
上面談了一下什麼樣的句子才是好句子。那麼同學們在平時寫作中經常犯些什麼錯誤呢?一般有以下幾種:
1.語序錯誤。句子語序有自然語序和倒裝語序兩種。一不注意就會出錯。例如:
Could you tell me where is the park?→ Could you tell me where the park is?
What a beautiful girl is she!→ ?What a beautiful girl she is!
2.句子中時態、語態的錯誤。英語中常用時態有一般式、現在式和完成式。語態有主動語態和被動語態,一定要正確使用。如:
The house has been built five years ago.→ The house was built five years ago.
The bike hasn't returned yet.→ The bike hasn't been returned yet.
3.句子中出現不平行結構。平行結構類似漢語的排比句式,它常常用同樣的格式表達兩個以上平行內容。平行結構可以是單詞、短語或分句。如:
We can get there either by car or taking a bus.→ We can get there either by car or by bus.
She likes studying English but she doesn't like English grammar.→ She likes studying English but she doesn't like studying English grammar.
4.串句。串句是指兩個以上的句子串寫在一起,中間不見標點,不見連詞,造成結構層次不清,邏輯意義混亂。改正方法:用標點***逗號、分號或句號***將串句點開;新增適當連詞,使句子形成並列或主從關係,用修飾語替換其中一個或幾個句子,使整個句子變成修飾語的簡單句。如:
Everybody thinks a king can do he wants to do.→ Everybody thinks a king can do what he wants to do.
5.漢語式英語。英漢兩種語言在表達習慣上有很大差異,要注意別犯漢語式英語錯誤。如:
This morning has no classes.→ There are no classes this morning .
Although he is over 60,but he is very healthy.→ He is over 60,but he is very healthy.→ Although he is over 60,he is very healthy.
除了上面所述外,對英語的五種基本句型和其他常見句型也要了如指掌,只有這樣才能寫出清楚、正確的句子來。在進行英語寫作時,一個同樣的意思,常可用同義或近義詞語表達,或用不同的句型結構來表達。因此,平時,多做一些句型轉換訓練是非常有必要的。下面做幾個小題練練吧!
改錯:
①She has finished the writing yesterday.
②To study English well,England is the best place to go.
③I don't know when we will have a meeting and where the meeting will be held.
④He very likes English.
⑤What you mean?
Key:
①He finished the writing yesterday./He has finished the writing.
②To study English well,the best place for you to go is England.
③I don'tknow when and where we will have a meeting.
④He likes English very much.
⑤What do you mean?