英語六級考前語法精析之分詞
分詞起形容詞和副詞的作用，在句中做定語或狀語。在概念上應清楚： 現在分詞表示主動，表示動作在進行。過去分詞表示被動，表示動作結束了的狀態或結果。
1.分詞做定語，弄清現在分詞與過去分詞的區別
分詞短語做定語相當於省略了的定語從句，考生應掌握： ***1***現在分詞與被修飾詞之間具有主動意義。如：
It’s easy to blame the decline of conversation on the pace of modern life and on the vague changes taking place in our ever-increasing world.***相當於the changes which take place...***
There was a very interesting remark in a book by an Englishman that I read recently giving what he thought was a reason for this American characteristic.***相當於which gave...***
How many of us attending, say, a meeting that is irrelevant to us would be interested in the discussion? ***相當於How many of us who will attend...***
***2***過去分詞與被修飾詞之間具有被動意義。如：
Good news was sometimes released prematurely, with the British recapture of the port announced half a day before the defenders actually surrendered. ***相當於…recapture of the port which had been announced…***
***3***下列不及物動詞也以過去分詞形式做定語或表語，但不具有被動意義：
deceased, departed, elapsed, faded, fallen, gone, grown-up, retired, returned, risen, set, vanished, much-travelled, newly arrived, recently come。如： a retired worker一位退休工人 a faded curtain一個褪了色的窗簾
2.分詞做狀語，注意區分分詞的一般式與完成式
***1***表示時間，多臵於句首，注意如果分詞表示的動作的時間先於謂語動詞，要用完成式。如：
Having completed one task, we started on another one. ***complete先於start之前發生***
***2***表示原因，臵於句首句尾均可，根據情況有時要用完成式，有時用一般式。如：
There seemed little hope that the explorer, having been deserted in the tropical forest, would find his way through it.
***3***表示伴隨、方式，臵於句尾，用分詞的一般式。如：
Helen borrowed my dictionary the other day saying that she would return it soon. Anna was reading a piece of science fiction, completely lost to the outside world.
***4***表示結果，臵於句尾，用分詞的一般式。如：
The city found itself in a crisis situation last summer when the air conditioning on dozens of the new buses broke down, them unusable.
***5***表示補充說明***同位***，臵於句尾，用分詞的一般式。如：
The article opens and closes with descriptions of two news reports, each making one major point in contrast with the other.
3.分詞的獨立主格結構
分詞的邏輯主語一般為句子的主語，否則分詞短語要有自己的邏輯主語，稱為分詞獨立主格結構。分詞獨立主格結構只是句子的一個部分。如：
All flights having been canceled because of the snowstorm, we decided to take the train.
1.分詞做定語，弄清現在分詞與過去分詞的區別
分詞短語做定語相當於省略了的定語從句，考生應掌握： ***1***現在分詞與被修飾詞之間具有主動意義。如：
It’s easy to blame the decline of conversation on the pace of modern life and on the vague changes taking place in our ever-increasing world.***相當於the changes which take place...***
There was a very interesting remark in a book by an Englishman that I read recently giving what he thought was a reason for this American characteristic.***相當於which gave...***
How many of us attending, say, a meeting that is irrelevant to us would be interested in the discussion? ***相當於How many of us who will attend...***
***2***過去分詞與被修飾詞之間具有被動意義。如：
Good news was sometimes released prematurely, with the British recapture of the port announced half a day before the defenders actually surrendered. ***相當於…recapture of the port which had been announced…***
***3***下列不及物動詞也以過去分詞形式做定語或表語，但不具有被動意義：
deceased, departed, elapsed, faded, fallen, gone, grown-up, retired, returned, risen, set, vanished, much-travelled, newly arrived, recently come。如： a retired worker一位退休工人 a faded curtain一個褪了色的窗簾
2.分詞做狀語，注意區分分詞的一般式與完成式
***1***表示時間，多臵於句首，注意如果分詞表示的動作的時間先於謂語動詞，要用完成式。如：
Having completed one task, we started on another one. ***complete先於start之前發生***
***2***表示原因，臵於句首句尾均可，根據情況有時要用完成式，有時用一般式。如：
There seemed little hope that the explorer, having been deserted in the tropical forest, would find his way through it.
***3***表示伴隨、方式，臵於句尾，用分詞的一般式。如：
Helen borrowed my dictionary the other day saying that she would return it soon. Anna was reading a piece of science fiction, completely lost to the outside world.
***4***表示結果，臵於句尾，用分詞的一般式。如：
The city found itself in a crisis situation last summer when the air conditioning on dozens of the new buses broke down, them unusable.
***5***表示補充說明***同位***，臵於句尾，用分詞的一般式。如：
The article opens and closes with descriptions of two news reports, each making one major point in contrast with the other.
3.分詞的獨立主格結構
分詞的邏輯主語一般為句子的主語，否則分詞短語要有自己的邏輯主語，稱為分詞獨立主格結構。分詞獨立主格結構只是句子的一個部分。如：
All flights having been canceled because of the snowstorm, we decided to take the train.